North American Academic Research

NAAR is an international, open access journal, published weekly online by TWASP.
Online ISSN: 1945-9098
Impact Factor : 3.75 (2023) 
5-Year Impact Factor: 4.6 (2023)
Acceptance rate: 42% 
Submission to first decision: 2 days

 

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May 2025 Total article: 17


  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Unraveling Commodity Price Forecasting: Insights from Chinese Stock Market Movements and Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Soukzana Ladtakoun, Somchith Sompaseuth,Baoming Li, Kheuakham Bounvilay, Niddavone Vongsanga, Khanpathip Thephavongsa, Venepheth Sayavong
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 312- 331. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17135573
Abstract: The research focuses on the spillover effects of the Chinese stock market (CSM), freign exchange (FEX) and commodities (Gold, Natural Gas, Oil). With the cross-quantilogram (CQ) method, daily returns are analyzed with a focus on market spillovers within varying conditions. It is established that spillover effects are specific to certain quantiles. In the case of strong market returns, Gold is quite positively affected by the CSM and mostly during most tumultuous periods, while negative spillovers on Gold were caused by a stronger dollar making the metal relatively expensive for foreign buyers. High quantiles of net returns on natural gas, where positive spillovers from CSM are also present. Additionally, a favorable USDCNY exchange rate increases local energy consumption. China is one of the most significant oil consumers and therefore oil displays high positive correlation to the CSM. The study cautions on both market diversification and currency movements to avoid the risks. Emphasize FEX stability and the correlation between stock and commodity prices to strengthen economies. The research assesses that further work is necessary on spillovers and on shock transmission in the context of deepening integration of emerging markets focusing on the still little examined futures and spot markets.

Cite this article as: Soukzana Ladtakoun, Somchith Sompaseuth,Baoming Li, Kheuakham Bounvilay, Niddavone Vongsanga, Khanpathip Thephavongsa, Venepheth Sayavong;  Unraveling Commodity Price Forecasting: Insights from Chinese Stock Market Movements and Exchange Rate Fluctuations;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 312- 331. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17135573

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Unraveling Commodity Price Forecasting: Insights from Chinese Stock Market Movements and Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Soukzana Ladtakoun, Somchith Sompaseuth , Baoming Li , Kheuakham Bounvilay , Niddavone Vongsanga , Khanpathip Thephavongsa , Venepheth Sayavong
Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 201- 221. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16902220
Abstract: The research focuses on the spillover effects of the Chinese stock market (CSM), freign exchange (FEX) and commodities (Gold, Natural Gas, Oil). With the cross-quantilogram (CQ) method, daily returns are analyzed with a focus on market spillovers within varying conditions. It is established that spillover effects are specific to certain quantiles. In the case of strong market returns, Gold is quite positively affected by the CSM and mostly during most tumultuous periods, while negative spillovers on Gold were caused by a stronger dollar making the metal relatively expensive for foreign buyers. High quantiles of net returns on natural gas, where positive spillovers from CSM are also present. Additionally, a favorable USDCNY exchange rate increases local energy consumption. China is one of the most significant oil consumers and therefore oil displays high positive correlation to the CSM. The study cautions on both market diversification and currency movements to avoid the risks. Emphasize FEX stability and the correlation between stock and commodity prices to strengthen economies. The research assesses that further work is necessary on spillovers and on shock transmission in the context of deepening integration of emerging markets focusing in particular on the still little examined futures and spot markets.

Cite this article as: Soukzana Ladtakoun, Somchith Sompaseuth , Baoming Li , Kheuakham Bounvilay , Niddavone Vongsanga , Khanpathip Thephavongsa , Venepheth Sayavong;  Unraveling Commodity Price Forecasting: Insights from Chinese Stock Market Movements and Exchange Rate Fluctuations;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 201- 221. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16902220

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: MetaCheckAI: Cell Testing and Health Solution
Ammad Ul Islam, Ming Yang, Fang Yi Chao, Hamza Saeed Khan, Sohail Asghar, Amna Iqbal, Anqi Xu, Sijuan Chen, Jipu Wang, Arbab Khan
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 379-389 doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15663896
Abstract: Consumer electronics have steadily advanced, and advancements in data processing, nanotechnology, and microflow techniques have resulted in the introduction of affordable, easily navigable portable devices that serve as both diagnostic instruments and devices. Present-day diagnostic procedures still rely on laboratory testing, which is preceded by the collection of biological samples. Medical diagnostics could undergo a revolution in the years to come if new and traditional digital and traditional biomarker detection techniques are combined with portable, self-sufficient, and small technologies. Since its founding in 2007, MetaCheck AI Biotechnology Group Ltd. has been actively engaged in the life sciences for 17 years. It is a top technological innovation company in the sector with a focus on creating and utilizing AI cell identification and repair technology. Focusing on the comprehensive fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and cell biology, MetaCheck AI Biotechnology has independently created a number of highly accurate and effective AI cell identification and repair tools. These cuttingedge tools offer previously unheard-of cell-level health solutions to consumers, medical institutions, and scientific research organizations. They are widely utilized in numerous cutting-edge sectors, including precision medicine, regenerative medicine, disease prevention, and personalized health management.

Cite this article as: Ammad Ul Islam, Ming Yang, Fang Yi Chao, Hamza Saeed Khan, Sohail Asghar, Amna Iqbal, Anqi Xu, Sijuan Chen, Jipu Wang, Arbab Khan;  MetaCheckAI: Cell Testing and Health Solution;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 379-389 doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15663896

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Why Small Brands Choose TikTok Marketing in The Digital Age? An In-Depth Analysis
Diana Alene Ikaka Nzamio Domazevich, Zou Zong Feng
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 416-421. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15627496
Abstract: Digital transformation has directly affected how humans live. New technologies and social networks have changed the way people connect, and their habits and customs have also been affected. Consumption patterns are one aspect of this transformation process, and to be successful, brands and advertisers must understand how consumers behave in social media applications like TikTok. To know how to design their marketing strategy, they need to analyze what leads consumers to make one decision or another and what makes them choose a product. This research will examine the unique relationship between a brand's marketing success and its relationship with the social media platform TikTok.

Cite this article as: Diana Alene Ikaka Nzamio Domazevich, Zou Zong Feng;  Why Small Brands Choose TikTok Marketing in The Digital Age? An In-Depth Analysis;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 416-421. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15627496

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Trade and Industrial Restructuring Policies That Can Enhance Energy Efficiency in BRICS countries
Yin Feng, Vuyelwa Jeanett Moledi
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 11-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15577134
Abstract: Combined, BRICS nations consume over a third of the world’s global primary energy, and this figure is expected to rise with economic growth in the coming decades. The trend necessitates efficient use of energy. This research identifies restructuring of industry from energy intensivemanufacturing to less energy-intensive manufacturing and services, along with carefully optimized trade openness, as the two vehicles for energy efficiency improvements. Using panel data of all 5 BRICS countries spanning the period from 2000 to 2023 and dividing the block into 3 clusters based on the nature of their economies, OLS regression analysis is applied to understand how trade openness and industrial restructuring has impacted energy efficiency in BRICS during this period. Results indicate that the overall influence of industrial restructuring on energy efficiency has been positive across the board. However, trade openness has benefitted the ChinaIndia and Russia clusters while negatively impacting the South Africa-Brazil Cluster. These results suggest that the heterogeneous nature of BRICS calls for a careful, contextualized, and differentiated policy framework that takes into account the specific positions and current economic needs of each nation. Suitable policy directions are suggested.

Cite this article as: Yin Feng, Vuyelwa Jeanett Moledi;  Trade and Industrial Restructuring Policies That Can Enhance Energy Efficiency in BRICS countries;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 11-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15577134

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Identity And the Ballot: Analyzing Ethnic-Based Voting in Nigeria’s Presidential Elections (2015 – 2023)
Lydia Alhassan
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 401-415. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15588307
Abstract: This research investigates the correlation between ethnicity and voting in Nigeria from 2015 to 2023, employing a qualitative approach to elucidate the influence of ethnicity on voting patterns, administrative systems, and their contributions to political unrest. The research posits that ethnicbased voting reinforces exclusionary politics and exacerbates post-election disputes, while biased administrative systems undermine state legitimacy, thereby fueling civil unrest. The central research question addresses how ethnic diversity has contributed to political instability in Nigeria during the specified period and evaluates the extent to which institutional frameworks and policies have not mitigated ethnic tensions to promote political stability and nation-building. The timeframe of 2015 to 2023 is particularly significant, marking the first instance in the history of Nigeria where an incumbent president was ousted prior to securing a second term, with ethnicity playing a pivotal role in galvanizing electoral support.

Cite this article as: Lydia Alhassan;  Identity And the Ballot: Analyzing Ethnic-Based Voting in Nigeria’s Presidential Elections (2015 – 2023);  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 401-415. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15588307

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: The Effectiveness of Ethiopia's Participation in China's Belt and Road Cooperation: Based on Labor Force Out of Poverty Measurement
Getachew Kidus Dawit
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 341-359 doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15576843
Abstract: This study examines the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments on poverty reduction in Ethiopia, focusing on labor market dynamics as a key transmission mechanism. While infrastructure development is often linked to economic growth, its effectiveness in fostering inclusive labor market expansion and poverty alleviation remains contested. The research aims to determine whether BRI investments contribute to employment creation, assess the role of labor force participation as a mediator, and analyze the moderating effects of human capital (literacy and skills), gender disparities, and spatial inequality. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing regional-level economic and labor market data from official Ethiopian sources and international financial institutions. The study applied mediation and moderation regression models, supplemented by subgroup analyses for gender and rural-urban differentials, to test the relationships between BRI investment intensity, labor force participation, and poverty rates. The findings reveal that BRI investments significantly increase labor force participation, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas with higher literacy rates. However, the study confirms a partial mediation effect, indicating that employment expansion alone does not fully account for BRI’s impact on poverty reduction. Moreover, human capital strengthens the employment effects, while gender and rural location remain critical barriers, limiting equitable labor market gains. The study concludes that BRI investments have the potential to reduce poverty through employment creation, but complementary policies on education, gender inclusion, and rural industrialization are necessary to maximize their effectiveness.

Cite this article as: Getachew Kidus Dawit;  The Effectiveness of Ethiopia's Participation in China's Belt and Road Cooperation: Based on Labor Force Out of Poverty Measurement;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 341-359 doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15576843

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: The Impact of Religious Conflicts on National Integration in Nigeria
Bessing Ngozi Akor
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 11- 19. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15567075
Abstract: Religious conflicts in Nigeria have significantly undermined national integration, threatening the nation’s socio-political and economic stability. This study critically examines the impact of religious conflicts on national integration policies and programs in Nigeria from 1999 to 2022. Using the Conflict Trap Theory as a theoretical lens, the research adopts a qualitative methodology that incorporates historical and thematic analyses of primary and secondary data sources. The study identifies key causes of religious conflicts, including religious intolerance, poverty, political manipulation, and external influences. It also highlights the consequences of these conflicts, such as weakened national cohesion, economic polarization, and distrust among diverse groups. The thesis explores historical and contemporary religious conflicts, including the Boko Haram insurgency, the Sharia crisis, and the Fulani herdsmen-farmer clashes, to assess their implications for Nigeria’s political, economic, and social fabric. Furthermore, it evaluates national integration policies, such as state creation, the Federal Character Principle, and the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), examining their effectiveness in mitigating conflicts and fostering unity. Key findings reveal that while policies like the Federal Character Principle initially addressed inequities, their implementation has been marred by inefficiencies and manipulation. Recommendations for promoting national integration include fostering interfaith dialogue, enhancing good governance, restructuring integration programs for inclusivity, and adopting global best practices in conflict resolution. This research contributes to the academic discourse on religious conflicts and national integration by offering actionable strategies to address these challenges and emphasizing the need for holistic, grassroots-level solutions.

Cite this article as: Bessing Ngozi Akor;  The Impact of Religious Conflicts on National Integration in Nigeria;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 11- 19. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15567075

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: A Report on the C-E Translation of Foreign Trade Transaction Skills from Zero to Hero
Elham Hassaan, Liu Rong
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 307-317. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15523079
Abstract: This study investigates the translation of the Chinese book Foreign Trade Transaction Skills: From Zero to Hero into English, guided by Newmark’s communicative translation theory. The study aims to ensure that the English translation accurately conveys the original content while maintaining its professional and practical significance. The book provides essential insights into core foreign trade principles and negotiation strategies, serving as a valuable resource for industry professionals. Using Newmark's approach, the research conducts a detailed analysis of the translation at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels. At the lexical level, considering foreign trade terminology and cultural differences, the translator adopted methods such as transliteration, literal translation, free translation, paraphrase, imitation, and other methods to accurately convey the original text's meaning. At the syntactic level, attention is given to sentence structures and grammatical conventions, ensuring that the translation flows naturally while retaining the original meaning, for the translation of four-character patterns, no-subject sentences, and run-on sentences, methods like addition, omission, combination, division, and structural adjustment are used. At the discourse level, analysis examines how context, tone, and style contribute to the overall impact of the text, ensuring that the translation resonates with the target audience. The coherence and cohesion of the translation are ensured through connectives, addition, deletion, and rewriting. Throughout the translation process, a series of challenges emerge, including the need for precise terminology, the adaptation of culturally specific references, and the balancing of formal and informal tones. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining clarity and coherence, enabling readers to easily grasp complex concepts and strategies presented in the original work. By applying Newmark's communicative translation theory, this research not only aims to produce a high-quality English version of the text but also contributes to the broader field of translation studies by illustrating practical applications of theory in real-world contexts. The findings are expected to enhance understanding of foreign trade practices among English-speaking professionals and facilitate greater international collaboration. Ultimately, this translation project aspires to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps, making significant contributions to both academic research and practical applications in the field of foreign trade.

Cite this article as: Elham Hassaan, Liu Rong;  A Report on the C-E Translation of Foreign Trade Transaction Skills from Zero to Hero;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 307-317. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15523079

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Challenges of the International Supply Chain in Guangzhou
Kawera Ines
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 326-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15512067
Abstract: This study investigates the challenges and proposes development strategies for the international supply chain in Guangzhou, China, a pivotal node in global trade. As globalization intensifies, Guangzhou’s supply chain network faces increasing obstacles related to infrastructure, regulatory policies, technological integration, labor shortages, and rising operational costs. Employing a quantitative approach, this research gathered data from 200 supply chain professionals across manufacturing, logistics, trading, and consulting sectors. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted to understand the influence of these challenges on strategic priorities, while ANOVA tests identified variations across sectors. Findings indicate that infrastructure and technology-related challenges significantly affect supply chain efficiency, with cross-border and regulatory compliance issues further complicating operations.

Cite this article as: Kawera Ines;  Challenges of the International Supply Chain in Guangzhou;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 326-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15512067

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Sino-Bangladesh Collaboration in Climate-Adaptive Apparel Development: An Online Data Analysis Approach
Md Sagor Ali, Prof. Zhu Xiaoyu
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 296-306. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15499497
Abstract: The textile business is feeling the heat of climate change, and it coming under more and more pressure to adopt sustainable solutions. This article explores the prospects for Sino-Bangladesh joint venture in climate-responsive apparel research and development (R&D) through the analysis of secondary data for the identification of major opportunities. The paper presents the potential natural fiber blends (bamboo-cotton, jute-silk) which possess better moisture management and thermal comfort properties, and are pertinent towards the development of climate-adaptive textiles. Furthermore, the study explores environmentally safe finishing technologies, including herbal antimicrobials and eco-dyestuffs, which improve the green image of textile materials. This work may have implications that sustainable clothing design can be studied with digital simulations and international collaboration rather than in a laboratory-intensive way. By focusing on the synergies between China and Bangladesh, this paper calls for the emergence of new climate- ready solutions for apparel that are in synch with environmental and social sustainability.

Cite this article as: Md Sagor Ali, Prof. Zhu Xiaoyu;  Sino-Bangladesh Collaboration in Climate-Adaptive Apparel Development: An Online Data Analysis Approach;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 296-306. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15499497

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Stock Characteristics, Portfolio Management and Multifactor Analysis
William Madondo
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 311-324. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15485824
Abstract: Here, a multifactor process is chosen to evaluate the performanceof astockportfolio consisting of JPMorgan Chase & Co., BlackRock Inc., GoldmanSachs Group Inc., American Express Co. and Morgan Stanley. Abasicstockanalysis focuses on a few points, but a multifactor studyadditionallyconsiders finances, markets and the economy. This approachallowsaperson to analyze a company’s stock more precisely. Whencreatingthemodel, the researchers include the P/E ratio, dividend yield, stockvolatilityand several other meaningful indicators. They next help youtostudytheresults achieved by the portfolio and match those results toothersinthesame group according to risks. For most of my analysis, I use oldYahooFinance data and break the period in two to be sure the findingsremainunchanged. Most investors turn to multifactor analysis becauseit isnowpossible to use better data and math. Here, I showthat usingamultifactorapproach gives better results when constructing a portfolio. Researcherspoint out that using a multifactor approach has been veryuseful whenlooking at financial markets. With more information andimprovedtoolsnow available, many in the investment industry are nowfocusingonmultifactor analysis. This report explains howdifferent elementsofmultifactor analysis are combined to form decisions in a portfolio. Theresearch builds on the debate about analyzing portfolios andpointsouttheeffectiveness of a multifactor method in tough financial markets.

Cite this article as: William Madondo;  Stock Characteristics, Portfolio Management and Multifactor Analysis;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 311-324. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15485824

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Structure Design of Mobile Fire Gun Support in Complex Terrain
S M Kalimullah, Md Rakibul Islam, A K M Redwanul Islam , Fahad Al Arman
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 235-267. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15446453
Abstract: Description A Most of the traditional fire-fighting gun supports only have simple erection function, and the working environment is limited, so they can't automatically adjust the angle and move. By fully understanding the development of fire-fighting gun supports, on this basis, The existing fire-fighting gun supports are innovated, and a mobile fire-fighting gun support with hydraulic system for angle adjustment and crawler walking mechanism under complex terrain is designed. By analyzing the hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic system and crawler traveling mechanism, the upper angle adjusting mechanism and the lower traveling mechanism are designed, which solves the problem that the traditional fire water gun bracket can't adjust the angle and move in multiple directions. In this sub-design, the angle range is adjusted by hydraulic cylinder in vertical direction, and a combination of bearing seat and locking ring is adopted in horizontal direction to realize the horizontal angle adjustment and the fixed locking function of the angle position of the rotating shaft. The lower mechanism adopts crawler walking mechanism to realize fire - fighting in complex terrain. This can not only ensure the life safety of firefighters and reduce the working pressure, but also improve the working efficiency of firefighters, which is convenient and flexible to operate. This design mainly designs the upper angle adjusting mechanism and the lower walking mechanism of the fire water gun bracket. The upper part of the mechanism mainly calculates the support reaction force of the water gun, determines the basic size of the hydraulic cylinder, designs the hydraulic system circuit, and designs and checks the horizontal rotating shaft. The lower part of the mechanism selects the motor and reducer, designs the crawler structure, calculates and determines the size of "four wheels and one belt", calculates the tensioning device, traction performance, steering driving torque, calculates and checks the driving wheel transmission shaft, checks the driving wheel, bearings, keys, frame and bolts, and selects the coupling. At last, three-dimensional modeling of related parts is carried out.

Cite this article as: S M Kalimullah, Md Rakibul Islam, A K M Redwanul Islam , Fahad Al Arman;  Structure Design of Mobile Fire Gun Support in Complex Terrain;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 235-267. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15446453

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: TIS Company's Audio and Video System Product Strategy Research
Kulphongsathorn Sanphet
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 1- 15. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15475858
Abstract: With the continuous development of the audio and video industry, there is an increasing amount of information that needs to be processed, and competition in the professional audio and video system market is becoming increasingly fierce. In such a competitive environment, adopting the right product strategy is crucial for products to successfully enter and occupy the market. This paper takes TIS Company's audio and video system products as the research object. Firstly, it analyzes the macro and micro environments of TIS Company's audio and video market to understand the current development trends and mainstream directions of the professional audio and video market. Combining the SWOT analysis method, it analyzes TIS's internal strengths and weaknesses, market opportunities, and threats. It also analyzes the four types of TIS's product portfolio strategy to provide a reference for developing effective product strategies for TIS's products. Under this premise, based on TIS Company's existing resource situation, it analyzes its current product strategy and finds issues such as overly tight product combinations and unreasonable pricing of new products. Therefore, optimization suggestions for the product strategy are proposed, such as reducing product length, clarifying product brand positioning, increasing brand exposure, and introducing technology to strengthen product inventory management. These suggestions aim to improve TIS Company's brand awareness in the audio and video system market, make more potential enterprises aware of TIS Company, and promote mutual benefit and win-win cooperation between TIS Company, the entire audio and video system industry, and even the entire audio and video integrated circuit industry. This study aims to provide some guidance and reference for TIS's audio and video system product strategy.

Cite this article as: Kulphongsathorn Sanphet;  TIS Company's Audio and Video System Product Strategy Research;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 1- 15. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15475858

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Application Of Hyperspectral Imaging With Deep Learning To Identify Varieties Of Rice Seed And Leaf
Md Azizul Islam , Chu Zhang
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 295-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15447249
Abstract: A Seed adulteration is a noteworthy issue that is causing concern for both planters and consumers and potentially leading to substantial losses. Consequently, the accurate identification of seed variety is crucial. This study investigated the application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) integrated with deep learning (DL) algorithms for the identification of rice seed and leaf varieties. Hyperspectral data were collected and preprocessed from six distinct rice varieties (7,586 rice seeds and 2,160 rice leaves) using a near-infrared hyperspectral camera with 943.08–1657.47 nm spectral range. The data were corrected using white and dark reference images to reduce noise and lighting variations. Spectral information was extracted, preprocessed, and analyzed, and in each sample, a region of interest (ROI) was defined. We build various classification models (LR, RF, SVC, LSTM & CNN) to assess the classification task. Owing to its’ automatically extracting features, the CNN model was able to outperform the others, achieving test accuracy of 86.03% and 91.89% for seeds and leaves, respectively. SVC also performed quite well, especially for seeds (88.4% accuracy), while conventional ML models like LR and RF showed comparatively lesser accuracy, which points out their limitations in dealing with complex non-linear relationships, as is the case with hyperspectral data. These results first demonstrated the substantial promise that combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and deep learning (DL) holds for fast, non-invasive, precise variety recognition of rice. It can have major implications in seed quality evaluation, breeding programs, and precision agriculture where this method would permit good screening right from the seeds and leaves for preferred characteristics to increase yields.

Cite this article as: Md Azizul Islam , Chu Zhang;  Application Of Hyperspectral Imaging With Deep Learning To Identify Varieties Of Rice Seed And Leaf;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 295-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15447249

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Role of Personal Attributes in Consumers' Green Purchase Intentions: The Moderating Effect of Price Sensitivity
Kadyrova Maysa, Lydia Qianqian Li, Sabina Kurbanova
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 286- 298. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15446551
Abstract: This study investigates the psychological and economic factors influencing green purchase intentions (GPI) in Turkmenistan, focusing on the moderating role of price sensitivity (PS). Data from 388 respondents were collected, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for analysis. The findings reveal that environmental awareness (EA), perceived self-efficacy (PSE), self-identity (SI), and subjective norms (SN) significantly influence GPI. PSE positively affects GPI, emphasizing the role of consumer confidence in making environmentally responsible choices. While SN exhibits a mixed effect, it remains a key predictor of GPI, underscoring the impact of social expectations on sustainable behavior. Additionally, price sensitivity moderates the relationship between self-identity and GPI, though no significant moderating effect is observed between EA and GPI. These insights offer valuable implications for policymakers and marketers, emphasizing the need to address affordability concerns and leverage psychological factors to promote green purchasing in emerging markets.

Cite this article as: Kadyrova Maysa, Lydia Qianqian Li, Sabina Kurbanova;  Role of Personal Attributes in Consumers' Green Purchase Intentions: The Moderating Effect of Price Sensitivity;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 286- 298. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15446551

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  Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Article: Research on cooperative platformfor intelligent vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Hossain Md Jakir, Bing Li
Vol 8, Issue 5; May 2025
North American Academic Research, 8(5), 1-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15447192
Abstract: This research focuses on improving autonomous multi-agent collaborationin robotics, specifically for real-time decision-making, navigation, andtargetidentification. It highlights the limitations of current robotics educationandexisting cooperative frameworks for Intelligent Vehicles (IVs) andUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which lack real-worldapplicationandopen-source learning resources [1] . To address these issues, thestudyintroduces a cooperative gaming platform where an IVanda UAVworktogether to autonomously detect, classify, and engage opponents. Theplatform uses a four-wheel-drive IV with a water gun or magic ball shooterand a UAV with an onboard camera. The UAV captures imagesandtransmits them to the IV, which uses image processing algorithms inPythonto classify opponents and allies, enabling the IV to autonomouslynavigateand target the opponents [2] . The systemintegrates Wi-Fi andRFcommunication protocols for real-time, low-latency data exchangebetweenthe IV and UAV. Experimental results demonstrate thesystem'seffectiveness in real-time object detection, classification, andprecisetargeting. The collaboration between the UAV and IVenhancedsituationalawareness and decision-making capabilities [3] . The proposedplatformprovides a scalable multi-agent framework, with potential applicationsinfields like search and rescue, industrial automation, and defense[4]. Futureresearch will focus on improving scalability, communicationreliability, andincorporating AI-based decision models.

Cite this article as: Hossain Md Jakir, Bing Li;  Research on cooperative platformfor intelligent vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles;  North American Academic Research, 8(5), 1-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15447192

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