North American Academic Research

NAAR is an international, open access journal, published weekly online by TWASP.
Online ISSN: 1945-9098
Impact Factor : 3.75 (2023) 
5-Year Impact Factor: 4.6 (2023)
Acceptance rate: 42% 
Submission to first decision: 2 days

 

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May 2023 Total article: 18


  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: A Bacteria-Resistant Finish on Cellulose Fabric
Suraiya Sultana, Tahmina Jahan
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 201-222 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8051480
Abstract: When using fibers that naturally possess antibacterial qualities or have been treated to do so, fabric quality and strength are a concern. Innovative antibacterial fabrics have been produced by the textile industry to satisfy the need for personal protection against disease spread and improved cleanliness in the society. Attaching biocidal or bacteriostatic groups to the fabric surface has been the method used. Samples of the antimicrobial-treated cotton substrate were subjected to multiple items of washing before being tested in accordance with the textile evaluation for antibacterial activity standard (GB/T20944.1-2007). 100% plain-dyed cotton fabrics were pad-dried after being treated with various concentrations of a chemical agent based on RUKO BAC MED to achieve antibacterial efficacy. Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus are the two types of bacteria employed. Additionally, after washing, the treated fabric's durability and antibacterial activity efficacy will be assessed. Examine the chemical molecule homogeneity on the surface of the fiber using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and compare to untreated cloth. Using a scanning electron microscope, cotton fabric was utilized to examine the surface morphology of both the untreated and RUKO BAC MED treated fabrics by using Scanning Electron Microscope.

Cite this article as: Suraiya Sultana, Tahmina Jahan;  A Bacteria-Resistant Finish on Cellulose Fabric;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 201-222 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8051480

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Negotiating Gender Inequality: A Semiotic Analysis of Pakistani Cartoons and Illustrations
Ms, Noor Fatima Shah, Ms Shamshad Junejo
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 182-186 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8044611
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the Pakistani cartoons and Illustrations that represent gender inequality. This study follows qualitative research methodology. For the analysis of cartoons and illustrations, the Semiotic model by Roland Barthes has been used.

Cite this article as: Ms, Noor Fatima Shah, Ms Shamshad Junejo;  Negotiating Gender Inequality: A Semiotic Analysis of Pakistani Cartoons and Illustrations;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 182-186 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8044611

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Measuring the Impact of Industrial Production, and Foreign Direct Investment on CO2 Emissions: An Evidence from Pakistan
Muhammad Burhan Ashraf, Liu Xiao Ying, Muhammad Hussnain, Yang Hua
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 187-200 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049235
Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a phrase that promotes business awareness over the whole territory of the parent nation. Given that (FDI) aids recipient nations in developing and establishing better circumstances, it is confusing. Pakistan falls behind in enhancing mechanical organization as an agrarian economy. Small and medium-sized businesses, particularly those in the material management industry, significantly impact Pakistan's economy. Unusual steps like (FDI) and industry respect expansion are needed for an immense-scope economy to continue. Rich countries' careful planning for upgrades and the overall reduction of CO2 emissions have done more harm than good. The predicted relationship between a few signs of common contamination and per-capita income is repre-sented by the natural Kuznets curve (EKC). It is possible to trace the rise in per capita income to (FDI) and modern advancement. Supporters of globalization consider it advantageous for the underprivileged, while critics point out its unforeseen adverse effects. The development of the financial system benefits from foreign direct investment (FDI). This situation will assist countries in acquiring outstanding inventions for the creation process and enhancing it fur-ther by taking advantage of the effects of the combination. Because they collaborate with other countries to get less polluting industrial processes, countries with tight environmental regulations incur somewhat higher creation costs. Since Pakistan is also attractive to international investors, a study is being done to examine the impacts of (FDI) on CO2 outflow.

Cite this article as: Muhammad Burhan Ashraf, Liu Xiao Ying, Muhammad Hussnain, Yang Hua;  Measuring the Impact of Industrial Production, and Foreign Direct Investment on CO2 Emissions: An Evidence from Pakistan;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 187-200 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049235

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Kenya's Economic Development since 2000: The Role of China's Economic Engagement
Miarintsoa Andriamanarivo Tatiana
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 141-160 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010514
Abstract: Over the past two decades, China-Africa economic relations have developed considerably since the establishment of the first forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000. Both need each other in terms of trade whilst for Kenya Chinese economic development assistance comes without any conditions. Moreover, China’s Belt and Road (BRI) has been billed as the single most significant undertaking by the country on the international stage. China’s extensive economic engagement in Kenya, especially through its flagship BRI projects, raises important questions with respect to its contribution to Kenyan economic development. This article therefore analyses the economic development implications for Kenya of China’s economic engagement, over the last two decades, with a specific focus upon infrastructural investment as the main instrument of Kenyan economic development. Infrastructure development theory is used in this paper, since it is a theory of long-run development based on public infrastructure as the engine of growth. Therefore, this paper evaluates the development implications for Kenya of its deepening economic engagement with China through a case study of multiple infrastructure projects by Chinese companies to improve Kenya’s transport system such as the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). The principal conclusions of this article emphasize the importance of China's infrastructure investment as one of the major factors in Kenya's economic development since 2000, despite negative public perceptions and critiques. But, this paper also identifies policy lessons for other countries in East Africa in terms of the Chinese economic development model and the vital importance of infrastructural investment for national economic development.

Cite this article as: Miarintsoa Andriamanarivo Tatiana;  Kenya's Economic Development since 2000: The Role of China's Economic Engagement;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 141-160 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010514

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Comparison of the Error Rates of MNIST Datasets Using Different Type of Machine Learning Model
Md Suhel Rana, Md Humayun Kabir, Abdus Sobur
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 173-181 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010602
Abstract: The MNIST dataset is a popular benchmark dataset in the field of machine learning and computer vision. The dataset has a training set of 60,000 examples, and a test set of 10,000 examples where the digits have been centered inside 28x28 pixel images. The dataset is commonly used for image classification tasks, where the goal is to train a model to correctly identify the digit represented in each image. The MNIST dataset has been widely used in academic research, with many researchers using it to develop and test new machine learning algorithms. It has also been used in industry, with many companies using it to train and evaluate image recognition systems. The MNIST dataset is an important resource for the machine learning and computer vision communities and has played a significant role in the development of these fields. The MNIST dataset has the advantage of striking a good balance in terms of the scope of the issue. The photos are only available in 10 different classifications and are only 28x28 pixels in size. However, just because the images are small does not necessarily suggest that the data set's numbers do not have a significant amount of variation. It should come as no surprise that some of the digits are challenging for a human to accurately classify. The composite average of the class the classifier is most likely to choose is displayed after a selection of photos that are likely to be extremely challenging to identify with a classifier. These photographs are challenging because they remarkably resemble the typical (or another prevalent) image of another.

Cite this article as: Md Suhel Rana, Md Humayun Kabir, Abdus Sobur;  Comparison of the Error Rates of MNIST Datasets Using Different Type of Machine Learning Model;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 173-181 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010602

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Internally Displaced Persons in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Malkohi Camp Nigeria (2009-2014)
Sambo Augustine Miriam
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 161-172 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010552
Abstract: This paper analyses Nigerian government interventions and policies to protect the human security of IDPs. These policies include providing IDPs with shelter, food, and nutritional assistance; access to clean water and health care; education for children who are victims of humanitarian crises; and protection for these vulnerable groups. It draws upon human security theory (HST) to assess the needs and challenges confronting IDPs in sub-Saharan Africa, it employs a case study approach, with a focus on the Malkohi (IDP) camp in Adamawa State, Nigeria, in the period 2009 to 2014. The paper concludes with findings on the challenges faced by IDPs in adjusting to life in the camp, which include coping with issues related to food, housing, health, safety, and other necessities. These were found to be the most significant challenges faced by IDPs. This paper examined how effective government policies have been able to meet the needs of IDPs, particularly the needs of women and children. The paper concludes that IDPs particularly women and children faced challenges adjusting to life in the camp. Secondly, the policy responses of the Nigerian government do not offer adequate solutions to the challenges faced by IDPs, especially for women and children.

Cite this article as: Sambo Augustine Miriam;  Internally Displaced Persons in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Malkohi Camp Nigeria (2009-2014);  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 161-172 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010552

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Bangladesh-China Bilateral Trade Relations: An Analysis of Current Trends
Syed Amdad Hosen, Zheng Liming
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 125-140 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995389
Abstract: Bangladesh-China relations have strengthened over recent decades due to financial, military, trade, and political ties. Relations between Bangladesh and China were originally established in 1976. Progressive leaders of the two countries have pledged to advance China-Bangladesh bilateral trade relations. The strengthening of China-Bang-ladesh relations and the promotion of trade relations and financial participation are the main interests of these two countries which help in the development of the people. Approved social events, correspondence, and concerted ef-forts and cooperation at the level of advanced government authorities were agreed upon. To develop Bangladesh-China bilateral trade relations, the administration empowered to redesign investments in the main assembly, the Joint Monetary and Exchange Board of Trustees, and the Joint Horticulture Council, including machinery and other Content. The various gatherings are trying to increase compensation, speculation, cultivation, transportation, and infrastructure development, depending on the basic bilateral trade between the two countries. The Belt and Road Initiative has contributed to the development of bilateral trade relations between the two countries. "Sister Cities" alliances have been established. This paper aims to analyze and explore current bilateral trade relations and trade agreements, investment, agriculture, transport, and infrastructure development. An exploration of bilateral relations between Bangladesh and China. This article attempts to reveal the current pattern of bilateral relations between Bang-ladesh and China. This research paper is based on a literature review and related data and analyzed in consultation with recent bilateral trade relations scholarship.

Cite this article as: Syed Amdad Hosen, Zheng Liming;  Bangladesh-China Bilateral Trade Relations: An Analysis of Current Trends;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 125-140 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995389

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: 6Enhanced Intersection Particle Swarm Optimization (EIPSO) Algorithm and Image Processing Techniques for Lung Cancer Detection
Nwokedi kingsley Obumneme, Kangshun Li
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 67-80 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967581
Abstract: Image processing techniques are now broadly used in several medical sectors for primary identification and therapy phases. Pre-processing, extraction of features, and segmentation strategies like thresholding or K-means clustering are deliberated as part of the dispensation processes.. By using picture improvement and segmentation algorithms in MATLAB software, the goal is to obtain more accurate findings. CT used to detect lung cancer is one of the most accepted imaging techniques in medicine. We proposed a method for identifying lung cancer based on different pertinent techniques and picture segmentation, one of the intermediate phases in image processing.The goal is to create a quick image segmentation technique for medical imaging, which will decrease how frequently clinicians examine computer tomography (CT) scan images to look for lung cancer.. Large images formed by current medical imaging technologies are mainly difficult to estimate and improve manually. This is worrisome because of its importance in efficiently detecting and starting therapy effectively. Recent image processing techniques are very important to study as they are frequently used in a variety of medical issues. To extract the tumour from the lung picture in this study, we applied and assessed the performance of optimization techniques such as k-means clustering, the optimization of particle swarms, and the enhanced intersecting particle swarm optimization technique (EIPSO).. After reviewing the outcomes of the median, adaptive median, and average filters in the first preliminary step, it was determined that the adaptive median filter was the most suitable for usage with medical CT scans. Based on the outcomes of our studies, we concluded that our method was effective. The preprocessed image with good quality is susceptible to multiple algorithms in studies using 20 lung scans as samples, with the EIPSO technique having the best accuracy (96.19%).

Cite this article as: Nwokedi kingsley Obumneme, Kangshun Li;  6Enhanced Intersection Particle Swarm Optimization (EIPSO) Algorithm and Image Processing Techniques for Lung Cancer Detection;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 67-80 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967581

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Application of Wet Fixation and Drying Treatment of cotton fabric with Reactive Dye and Find Out the Suitable Condition Based on L9 Control- Level Factors Design
Dipta Barua, Md. Iusuf Khan, Sattyajit Sikder, Avijit Dev, Rabaca Sultana, Taryqul Islam Aulve, Mehedi Hasan Ibhanraj, Tonmoy Palit
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 99-124 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995061
Abstract: The conventional dyeing process requires a substantial amount of auxiliaries and water, which leaches hazardous colored effluents to the environment. Herein, a newly developed sustainable spray dyeing system has been proposed for cotton fabric in the presence of reactive dyes, which has the potential to minimize the textile dyeing industries environmental impact in terms of water consumption and save significant energy. The results suggest that fresh dye solution can be mixed with an alkali solution before spray dyeing to avoid the reactive dye hydrolysis phenomenon. After that, color spray on the cotton knitted fabric by cold pad batch method. To find out the K/S value based on single factor analysis and L9 design analysis.

Cite this article as: Dipta Barua, Md. Iusuf Khan, Sattyajit Sikder, Avijit Dev, Rabaca Sultana, Taryqul Islam Aulve, Mehedi Hasan Ibhanraj, Tonmoy Palit;  Application of Wet Fixation and Drying Treatment of cotton fabric with Reactive Dye and Find Out the Suitable Condition Based on L9 Control- Level Factors Design;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 99-124 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995061

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Empirical Study on Perceived Value of Mongolian Resorts
Myagmarjargal Buyannemekh
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 113-116, May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7992628
Abstract: Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the increasing development of the current economy and the continuous changes in people's consumption concepts, people have increasingly attached importance to the pursuit of spiritual and cultural pursuits, and various forms of leisure and entertainment have emerged. And more and more people are eager to travel to various places, especially in some grassland countries, bringing a new feeling to daily leisure through tourism. This study focuses on tourists who have stayed in a resort in Mongolia, using literature analysis, on-site interviews, and questionnaire surveys as the main research methods. Taking the perceived value of tourist resorts as the independent variable, and tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention as the dependent variables, this paper attempts to construct an impact mechanism model on the perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and behavioral intention of tourist resorts in the context of the vigorous development of tourism in resorts.

Cite this article as: Myagmarjargal Buyannemekh;  Empirical Study on Perceived Value of Mongolian Resorts;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 113-116, May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7992628

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Impact of Hot Spot on P-V Characteristics and Maximum Power Point Tracker Strategy: An in-depth Review
Kahuma Tshomba Joel
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 90-98 May 2023, 10.5281/zenodo.7981410
Abstract: Photovoltaic technology is receiving increasing attention due to its abundant nature, inexhaustible, easy to implement with low maintenance cost, whose use will reach 940 GW in 2021. The non-participation of mechanical or mobile components within it makes it still efficient and increasingly attractive. Faced with this dizzying growth, the health of photovoltaic modules must be a concern, as various failures can occur, of which nearly 50% of defects are hot spots. These faults can lead to changes in PV characteristics, and therefore maximum voltage. This can also change the maximum power available to the load and thus reduce the efficiency of photovoltaic energy production. In order to solve this problem that lies in minimizing these impacts, we review the hot spot fault, its equivalent model, and the operation and strategy of the maximum power point tracker in this specific case. Finally, it is clearly established that photovoltaic systems are extremely sensitive to the hot-spot fault, the use of a MPPT maximum power point tracker is an undeniable solution for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems.

Cite this article as: Kahuma Tshomba Joel;  Impact of Hot Spot on P-V Characteristics and Maximum Power Point Tracker Strategy: An in-depth Review;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 90-98 May 2023, 10.5281/zenodo.7981410

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: The Malian Crisis of 2012: Key Players to Better Understand the Crisis
Coulibaly Lassine
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 81-89 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7979628
Abstract: The crisis in Mali emerged from a combination of internal rebellion and state breakdown, along with ex-ternal attacks, posing a significant threat to the country's unity, territorial integrity, and democratic traditions. The immediate cause of the crisis was the Tuareg revolt, driven by longstanding tensions with the Malian government, with the Tuaregs seeking autonomy in the Azawad region.

Cite this article as: Coulibaly Lassine;  The Malian Crisis of 2012: Key Players to Better Understand the Crisis;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 81-89 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7979628

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Based on Natural Semantic Meta-Language (NSM) Theory an Analysis of “Marriage Cultural Lexicons” in the Urdu Language
Sarfaraz Ali, Mualimin, M.Hum
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 45-50 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963576
Abstract: This paper is aiming to analyze the Urdu marriage cultural lexicon through the perspective of Natural semantic Meta-language theory. The purpose of this work is to create a link between the Urdu language and other world Languages by exploring semantic primes in the Urdu marriage lexicon. Semantic primes are the fundamental thematic unites of natural Semantic Meta-language theory (NSM) which are universally empirical and share the same conceptual thought behind different linguistic realizations in different languages. This research has been carried out qualitatively by analyzing the relevant existing literature. This research has been carried out qualitatively by analyzing both the English and Urdu literature’s relevant books, journals, research articles and websites articles, in order to analyze the data, marriage cultural lexicons were taken from Urdu language while the Natural semantic meta-language was adopted a theoretical instrument for the research. Briefly, the paper has explored whether the linguistic items Urdu marriage lexicon are sharing the empirical concept or not. The result indicated that Urdu marriage lexicons are the symbols of native culture which is remarkable and specific from the rest of the world languages.

Cite this article as: Sarfaraz Ali, Mualimin, M.Hum;  Based on Natural Semantic Meta-Language (NSM) Theory an Analysis of “Marriage Cultural Lexicons” in the Urdu Language;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 45-50 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963576

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Clinical Outcome and Safety of Cox-Maze IV Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Mbenkum Achiri Tardzenyuy, Cai Cheng, Wajeehullahi Akilu, Xiantao Ma, Yi Feng, Shiliang li
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 61-66 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967550
Abstract: Introduction: Atrial Fibrillation in adult patients presenting with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is the prime cause of morbidity and mortality. In this sub group of people, the majority of hospital admissions are caused by atrial fibrillation and according to some studies, it represents about 20-25% of late mortalities1. Because the need for further cardiac operations is frequent in ACHD, the Cox-maze IV procedure (CM4) performed together with other cardiac procedures has shown to be successful in the restoration of normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The aim of this case report is to evaluate the Maze operation's safety and early clinical outcomes in the treatment of symptomatic and medically recurrent AF and also assess the advantage and risks of concomitant congenital heart surgery (Atrial Septal defect ASD) with the Cox-Maze procedure. Case presentation: Presenting a 58 year old male with congenital atrial septal defect with associated atrial fibrillation who successfully underwent a COX MAZE 4 procedure with complete cessation of atrial fibrillation. The patient had no complications after surgery and was discharged 22 days post-operative. He underwent ASD closure and left atrial appendage (LAA) closure 3 years prior indicated for atrial fibrillation and stroke. Discussion: AF is frequently seen in patients with ASD, the high incidence of AF in patients with ASD is linked to chronic volume overload as a result of a left-to-right atrial shunt, resulting in geometrical and electrical remodeling of both upper chambers of the heart (atria) and the incidence of ASD-associated AF is also firmly related with age2. Although a standalone closure of ASD may lead to restoring of normal sinus rhythm, it is widely agreed upon that surgical intervention for AF should be performed on ASD closure, this is particularly so in elderly patients with chronic AF and enlarged right atrium2.

Cite this article as: Mbenkum Achiri Tardzenyuy, Cai Cheng, Wajeehullahi Akilu, Xiantao Ma, Yi Feng, Shiliang li;  Clinical Outcome and Safety of Cox-Maze IV Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 61-66 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967550

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Rail Surface Defect Detection and Location Based on Image Processing
Altantsetseg Davaakhuu, Dong Hua Jun
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 21-25 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7932621
Abstract: In recent years, railways have become an important means of transportation for the country, bringing great convenience to the masses and promoting the economic development if the country. These rails play a crucial part in the train operating. The detection of rail surface defects is vital for high-speed rail maintenance and management. The CNN-based computer vision approach has been proved to be a strong detection tool widely used in various industrial scenarios. However, the CNN-based detection models are diverse from each other in performance, and most of them require sufficient training samples to achieve high detection performance. Selecting an appropriate model and tuning it with insufficient annotated rail defect images is time-consuming and tedious. With an aim of conquering the challenge, stimulated by ensemble learning which employs the multiple learning algorithms so as to obtain greater predictive performance, we create one ensemble framework for detecting the industrialized rail defect. As well as image augmentation operation, feature augmentation operation is adopted to deeply get the model more diverse at random. A shared feature pyramid network is adopted to reduce model parameters as well as com-putation cost. Experimental results substantiate that the approach out-performs single detecting architecture in our specified rail defect task. On the collected dataset with 8 defect classes, our algorithm achieves 7.4% higher mAP.5 compared with YOLOv5 and 2.8% higher mAP.5 compared with Faster R-CNN.

Cite this article as: Altantsetseg Davaakhuu, Dong Hua Jun;  Rail Surface Defect Detection and Location Based on Image Processing;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 21-25 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7932621

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: A Step Forward to Harmonise Wireless Charging after the European Law on a Single Standard for Charging Devices
Liang Lok Hang, Wan Shui Ying, Muhammad Umar Dad
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 26-44 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7954726
Abstract: This article will start off in the interest of the recent EU cable law and present a comprehensive study on the factors influencing short-range and long-range wireless power transmission (WPT) for efficient charging applications. The primary simulation tool employed will be COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1. In the context of short-range WPT, this research will analyse data on skin depth in relation to copper coil frequency and employ 2D plots to better visualise current density distribution in colour, this will also be aided by coil inductance and coil reactance values as frequency approaches infinity. Additionally, the impact of various frequency domains will be explored using 1D plot groups depicting current density and magnetic flux density. For the transmitter and receiver antenna networks, the study will consider factors such as rotation angle and air gap, which influence power transmission efficiency. To optimise the receiving antenna’s position and minimise power loss, 3D plots of electric field distribution and S-parameters (including S11 and S21 parameters) will also be utilised. The investigation will also be extended to longrange WPT by comparing the characteristics of different antenna types. Lastly, the article will emphasise the importance of adhering to safety regulations for large-scale WPT applications, focusing on the specific absorption rate (SAR).

Cite this article as: Liang Lok Hang, Wan Shui Ying, Muhammad Umar Dad;  A Step Forward to Harmonise Wireless Charging after the European Law on a Single Standard for Charging Devices;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 26-44 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7954726

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: The Influence Of Work Environment on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction at UBL Bank Chakwal City Main Branch
Ali Zain, Ngatno, Andi Wijayanto
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 1-19 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967486
Abstract: This research paper aimed to investigate the impact of the work environment on employee performance, with a spe-cific focus on the mediating role of job satisfaction. The study was conducted at the UBL Bank Chakwal City Main Branch, utilizing a sample of 70 respondents. Data collection involved the use of questionnaires and direct interviews, while data analysis employed SPSS, utilizing Path analysis and the Sobel test. The findings of this study demonstrate a significant influence of the work environment on both job satisfaction and employee performance. The Sobel test revealed partial mediation, indicating that job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between the work envi-ronment and employee performance. Additionally, a significant indirect effect of the work environment on employee performance through job satisfaction was observed, although its magnitude was smaller than the direct impact of the work environment on employee performance. In conclusion, this study highlights the positive and significant effect of the work environment on employee performance, with job satisfaction playing a partial mediating role at the UBL Bank Chakwal City Main Branch.

Cite this article as: Ali Zain, Ngatno, Andi Wijayanto;  The Influence Of Work Environment on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction at UBL Bank Chakwal City Main Branch;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 1-19 May 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967486

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 5
Article: Application status and development trend of laser cutting technology in shipbuilding
Dr. Zhu HanHua, Mammetorazov Sahet, Niyazgeldiyev Mekan, Jumadurdyyeva Leyla
Vol 6, Issue 5; May 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(5) 56-60, May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922697
Abstract: Laser cutting is a clean and efficient new technology under green and sustainable development's social and economic background. It has high precision cutting accuracy and the advantages of high cutting efficiency and small cutting heat impact. The incision is very smooth and beautiful, so it has an extensive range of applications in green ships and precision ship manufacturing and plays an important role and significance. Based on this, this paper further clarifies the essential characteristics and functions of laser cutting technology by expounding the definition and basic principles of laser cutting technology and analyzes and explores the application status of laser cutting technology in shipbuilding. The development trend of laser-cutting technology in shipbuilding has prospected. In order to promote the maximum efficiency of digital laser-cutting technology in the field of shipbuilding.

Cite this article as: Dr. Zhu HanHua, Mammetorazov Sahet, Niyazgeldiyev Mekan, Jumadurdyyeva Leyla;  Application status and development trend of laser cutting technology in shipbuilding;  North American Academic Research, 6(5) 56-60, May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922697

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