North American Academic Research

NAAR is an international, open access journal, published weekly online by TWASP.
Online ISSN: 1945-9098
Impact Factor : 3.75 (2023) 
5-Year Impact Factor: 4.6 (2023)
Acceptance rate: 42% 
Submission to first decision: 2 days

 

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May 2021 Total article: 20


  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: A Review Study on Methane Gas Sensors
Saddam Raweh Ahmed Abdullah Al-hammadi, Yongzhi Liang
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 303-309, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4884736
Abstract: With the rapid development of coal industry, the hidden danger of coal safety production in China is becoming increasingly prominent, mainly in the coal mine gas exceeding the standard seriously. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the gas in real time to control the gas concentration. At present, most mines in our country use catalytic gas sensor, which is easily affected by the bad field environment of coal mine, with poor acquisition accuracy and serious zero drift. It needs to be corrected every certain time, which not only increases the maintenance cost, but also reduces the data acquisition accuracy. At the same time, the catalytic sensor is prone to catalyst poisoning, so the service life of the sensor is short. The infrared gas sensor uses infrared spectrum to detect the target gas, which is basically not affected by the industrial environment. The double channel sampling technology can restrain the zero drift. Compared with catalytic gas sensor, infrared gas sensor has higher accuracy and reliability, especially suitable for harsh industrial environment such as coal mine. This paper is review on the current innovation and process of work of Methane sensors

Cite this article as: Saddam Raweh Ahmed Abdullah Al-hammadi, Yongzhi Liang;  A Review Study on Methane Gas Sensors;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 303-309, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4884736

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: A Research into the Factors That Influence Job Satisfaction Among Millennial Health Workers in Ghana A Case of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Ghana
AKOSAH LISA ACHIAA
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 286-302, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4884708
Abstract: Previous organizations focused only on profit margins, turnover, diversification and globalization. Recently, however, strategic planning companies have realized that their obligation is to improve employee job satisfaction. In recent years, social organizations and institutions have significantly increased their attention to employee satisfaction, especially for millennials. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of job satisfaction in millennials. This paper puts forward four dependent variables: work-life balance, working conditions, leadership style, organizational culture; five demographic variables: gender, age, income level, employment level, education level; 1 independent variable: job satisfaction. The data collected in this paper are mainly through the questionnaire survey and analysis, regression analysis and the use of econometric models. The paper designs and methods the data deployment used to obtain a sample of 200 millennials working at KATH. In this study, the structured model was used to analyze the impact of employee participation on job satisfaction, and how different forms of participatory decision-making in the workplace led to individual satisfaction with the objective and internal aspects of work. Frequency, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, reliability and validity were extracted by SPSS software. The Cronbach alpha values of each subscale were 0.9412 ~ 0.958, indicating that the scale had high internal consistency and reliability. The results of the study highlight that there is a positive correlation between employee input and job satisfaction for millennials. There is a higher correlation between employee job satisfaction and millennials' participation in general decisions in each company. participation and job satisfaction in the context of developing countries. This study is of great significance in various disciplines and in certain areas, such as research practice and policy. This study is helpful to the mutual benefit of human resources management, especially in the management of hospital workers or other similar organizations.

Cite this article as: AKOSAH LISA ACHIAA;  A Research into the Factors That Influence Job Satisfaction Among Millennial Health Workers in Ghana A Case of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Ghana;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 286-302, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4884708

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Mesalamine Rectal Suppositories for Ulcerative Colitis
Sujan Dawadi, Ena Pradhananga, Karan Chaudhary, Rojee KC, Ashish Sigdel, Sudishna Khanal, Bipindra Pandey, Sumit Chandra Shrestha
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 275-286, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4866973
Abstract: Mesalamine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid is an anti inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease like Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The objective of this study was to optimize the best formula for the rectal suppositories of mesalamine with different bases. Suppositories were prepared by fusion method using different bases (cocoa butter alone, cocoa butter: paraffin, cocoa butter: PEG 6000) in varying quantity keeping other excipients constants. Base optimization study was conducted before formulation of suppositories. All suppositories were evaluated for physical characteristics and various parameters like: displacement value, weight variation, melting point, liquefaction time, hardness test, drug content, and in-vitro release profile. All the developed formulations were within the required limits for BP 2014. However, formulation F3 which is composed of cocoa butter: PEG 6000 in the ratio of 1:1 showed better release of drug around 91.48%. Mesalamine rectal suppositories containing a new base combination of Cocoa butter with PEG 6000 have good physical properties and release profile. Since this formula is potential to be used as a better therapeutic candidate for ulcerative colitis.

Cite this article as: Sujan Dawadi, Ena Pradhananga, Karan Chaudhary, Rojee KC, Ashish Sigdel, Sudishna Khanal, Bipindra Pandey, Sumit Chandra Shrestha;  Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Mesalamine Rectal Suppositories for Ulcerative Colitis;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 275-286, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4866973

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Noninvasive Facial Rejuvenation with Dermal Fillers and Neurotoxins, Public’s Preference A Survey Report
Li Guang Shuai, Muhammad Tipu Sultan, Liu Wen Hui
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 257-274, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4865004
Abstract: Background: At present, mostly plastic surgeons and dermatologists provide minimally invasive cosmetic injection procedure services with dermal fillers and neurotoxins. However, the professional background and technical characteristics of the two are different. The preference of lay public for specialist type in performing dermal filler and neuromodulator procedures for cosmetic purposes is unknown. Methods: An online survey was conducted for a period of 2 weeks and surveyees were sampled using purposive sampling method on Instagram. Participants were asked a series of questions to choose their preferred specialist for performing cosmetic injection procedures. Additionally, rate of satisfaction of patients with their respective doctors, incidence of posttreatment complications in patients and their successful or unsuccessful management by their respective specialists were measured. Results: Two hundred and one respondents undertook the survey. Plastic Surgeons were identified as the most preferrable specialist to perform cosmetic injection procedures (59.4%), plastic surgeons were also deemed to be the most skilled professionals among other specialists for such procedures (60.7%). Patients who already have history of such procedures, mostly went to plastic surgeons (53.6%). Additionally, patients who chose plastic surgeons as their injectors reported a higher degree of satisfaction and successful management of their posttreatment complications as compared to dermatologists and other specialists. Conclusion: Plastic surgeons are recognized as the preferred specialist over dermatologists and other specialists to perform injectable procedures. Patients of plastic surgeons express greater degree of satisfaction as compared to patients of other injectors. Post- procedure complications in patients are inevitable, however successful treatment of such complications by the particular injector leads to a more satisfied patient who develops a trust on that particular specialist for future procedures.

Cite this article as: Li Guang Shuai, Muhammad Tipu Sultan, Liu Wen Hui;  Noninvasive Facial Rejuvenation with Dermal Fillers and Neurotoxins, Public’s Preference A Survey Report;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 257-274, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4865004

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Data (Audio, Video, and Image) Transmission through Visible Light Communication Li-Fi Technology
Muhammad Imran, Yulong Bai, Mazhar Javid
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 245-256, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4863444
Abstract: Li-fi stands for light fidelity and was proposed by the German physicist Harald Haas in 2011. Li-Fi refers to visible light communication that uses light emitting diodes (LED’s) for high speed data transmission in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. LED lights is not only use for lighting purpose but can also be used as a medium for data transmission through visible light communication. Visible light communication (VLC) is the latest innovation which is used for sending of data in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum of light. The transmission happens in the form of binary data 0’s and 1’s. 0 means LED is in the OFF state and 1 means LED is in the ON state. Visual Studio is used to visualize the process of sending data. Programmed Arduino is used as a microprocessor at both Transmitter and receiver sides. High power intensity LED’s are used at the transmitter side for the generation of light. At the receiver section, photodiode is used to detect the light signal generated by the LED’s at the transmitter side. In this paper, we shows the transmission of three different types of data. They are audio, video, text, and image file. We obtain 100% successful result of transmitted image, audio, video, and text file. Experimental results show that high quality image, audio and video with the maximum distance of 12 feet’s can be achieved through proper arrangement of transmitter and receiver.

Cite this article as: Muhammad Imran, Yulong Bai, Mazhar Javid;  Data (Audio, Video, and Image) Transmission through Visible Light Communication Li-Fi Technology;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 245-256, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4863444

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Parametric Study on Ultimate Bearing Capacity of CFST Arch Bridge
Muneer Ahmed, Suliman Khan, Chen Zhihua
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 226-244, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4843497
Abstract: In this study a four-leg lattice structure CFST arch bridge is analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS) to predict the ultimate bearing capacity considering several parameters (slenderness ratio, steel content, steel type, and concrete type) under two influencing factors initial stress and geometric defects. There is an inverse relation found between the existence of the initial stress and ultimate bearing capacity and ultimately the overall stiffness of the structure has been reduced during non-linear stage. Larger the slenderness ratio, the greater the influence on the ultimate stability bearing capacity of with initial stresses and geometric defects. According to the ultimate bearing capacity coefficient under different steel content ratios, it can be known that the greater the steel content higher the bearing capacity coefficient. The increment rate of the ultimate bearing capacity coefficient is between 0 and 18%. The comparison of the ultimate bearing capacity coefficients under the four steel types shows that compared with Q235, the other three steel types the ultimate bearing capacity coefficient is 12%-24%.However, there relatively small influence of the two concrete grades C60 and C55 on the ultimate bearing capacity of the CFST arch bridge. The effect of initial defects in in-plane as better than the initial defects out-of-plan on ultimate bearing capacity CFST arch bridge. A comprehensive consideration of influence of the initial stress and the initial out-of-plane defects are considered simultaneously. The analysis results show that the amplitude of geometric defects is controlled within L/5000, and the initial stress is controlled within 0.4 within a reasonable range.

Cite this article as: Muneer Ahmed, Suliman Khan, Chen Zhihua;  Parametric Study on Ultimate Bearing Capacity of CFST Arch Bridge;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 226-244, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4843497

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: The Impact of COVID-19 in the Tech Industry
Avornu Christian, Prof. Jinhe Wang, Danquah Solomon Kwadwo Nyedu, Ibnali Issah Kulo
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 155-161, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779046
Abstract: The past two decades were marked by the outbreaks of many viral diseases such as Ebola, Zika, Bird flu, SARS, and MERS. The world woke up to this decade with a new disease outbreak called coronavirus (COVID-19). This outbreak has thrown many sectors and disciplines into disarray. Transportation and many industries are at standstill due to shackles of lockdowns, social distancing, etc. and hence, electricity and fuel are not being used as before. One thing giving hope to some organizations and relief to people around the world is ‘’Technology’’. Data was collected by gathering information from the various websites of tech industries and results of the observations show that although other sectors strive to survive during this pandemic, the tech industry continues to find means of sustaining other sectors and therefore continue to benefit more during this pandemic. Hence, the tech industry seems to observe positive impacts as compared to negative ones. This article elaborates on the major changes and benefits the tech industry has seen during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Cite this article as: Avornu Christian, Prof. Jinhe Wang, Danquah Solomon Kwadwo Nyedu, Ibnali Issah Kulo;  The Impact of COVID-19 in the Tech Industry;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 155-161, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779046

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Role of Islam in Reducing Social Crimes: Bangladesh Perspective
Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 215-225 May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4794404
Abstract: Social crime is becoming a common phenomenon at present days in Bangladesh. The main objective of this research is to see how we can reduce social crimes from Bangladesh by practicing Islamic rules and regulations. It is a qualitative research works where references have been used from the holy Quran, Hadith, research articles, newspaper articles. Our great prophet Mohammad (Sm.) came into a society where there were so many social crimes. People of that society were unable to distinguish between good and bad to some extent. Killing, gabbling, stealing, bribe, interest, rape were common scenarios of the Arab Society. Women did not have any dignity in society. They use to use them as their commodities and goods.

Cite this article as: Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad;  Role of Islam in Reducing Social Crimes: Bangladesh Perspective;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 215-225 May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4794404

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Performance Evaluation of Water and Oil Repellent Finishes on Plain Weave Cotton Fabrics
Md. Iusuf Khan, Md. Amranul Hoque Amran, Rokaiya Hasan Mou, Mohammad Yeasin, Md Rezaul Hossain Chowdhury
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 201-214, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4783454
Abstract: Water and oil repellent treatment is done on cotton cloth by pad -dry - baking process. The influences of baking temperature, baking time, pH value and concentration of finishing liquid on water and oil contact position (angle) of fabric are analyzed.

Cite this article as: Md. Iusuf Khan, Md. Amranul Hoque Amran, Rokaiya Hasan Mou, Mohammad Yeasin, Md Rezaul Hossain Chowdhury;  Performance Evaluation of Water and Oil Repellent Finishes on Plain Weave Cotton Fabrics;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 201-214, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4783454

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Effects of Global Horizontal Irradiance on Power Output of Hybrid Solar PV/Mini-hydro Renewable Energy System
Tamanjong Fru Fofang, Emmanuel Tanyi
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 180-200, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4781315
Abstract: The initial capital and cost per kilowatt-hour (cost/kWh) for the PV subsystem with storage is high even with the cost reduction of PV products in recent times. The availability of solar resources determines the economics of solar PV systems. Hybridization of solar PV with a mini-hydropower subsystem reduces the cost per kilowatt-hour and improves the system's performance. The paper presents a comparative analysis of technical and economic aspects of the hybrid solar PV/mini-hydropower scheme focusing on the effects of differences in global horizontal irradiance (GHI). The regions of Bamenda and Buea (Cameroon) were chosen for the study. The resource availability for PV and mini-hydropower in the two locations selected for the study are reasonable. Storage options are needed, in particular, for seasonal power storage. The solar resource was obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory database and the site temperature profile from NASA surface meteorology and solar energy database. The maximum demand considered for the analysis is 3MW, and the hydro system is designed to supply 2MW in the rainy season and 1.2MW in the dry season. Homer Pro software was used for the simulation. Homer-Pro's one-hour time step is sufficiently small to capture the most important statistical aspects of the load and the intermittent renewable sources. The battery considered for the project is a lithium-ion 1MWh capacity battery with supplier integration into HOMER-Pro software. A generic large free converter was selected from the Homer database to allow battery sizing without having to size the converter for different energy storage systems and charging configurations. The results show that for the same load demand, the zone with higher global horizontal irradiance (GHI) has a higher PV penetration, consumes more energy from the system, has a higher excess generation, and lower unmet load and capacity shortage than the zone with lower global horizontal irradiance. The cost difference for the two areas is quite significant. The site with higher global horizontal irradiance has 0.267 USD per kWh compared to 0.308 USD per kWh for the location with lower global horizontal irradiance.

Cite this article as: Tamanjong Fru Fofang, Emmanuel Tanyi;  Effects of Global Horizontal Irradiance on Power Output of Hybrid Solar PV/Mini-hydro Renewable Energy System;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 180-200, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4781315

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Extreme Temperatures in Myanmar from 1987-2019
NWET NWET YIN , Prof. Lou Yunsheng
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5)162-179, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/z enodo.4781307
Abstract: The study characterizes the patterns of climate change across Myanmar, several extreme indices are calculated from station values daily maximum and minimum temperature data.

Cite this article as: NWET NWET YIN , Prof. Lou Yunsheng;  Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Extreme Temperatures in Myanmar from 1987-2019;  North American Academic Research, 4(5)162-179, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/z enodo.4781307

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Injection Molding Through Maintaining and QC
Md Rajib Sheik, Md Aminul Islam
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 137-154, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4776501
Abstract: Injection molding is the most adaptable assembling technique fit for creating complex plastic parts with mesh shapes with great dimensional resistances. For quite a while, as the creation and creation ability has become more rigid, injection molding situation and quality control has consistently been a skill analyze region. This article up to-date examines strategies and improvement techniques in the field of injection molding. It is isolated into four segments: specialized arrangement, machine control, programs the executives and brilliant administration, and presents the subtleties and hints of these interesting taking care of reaches. This article additionally examines and analyzes regular factors, strategies, and control procedures for the executives’ commitments. Stringently talking, genuine on-line top-notch control without man entombed has however to be discovered, in light of the fact that deficiency of transducer for on line, the real time top of the line response measurement, and a solid form that relates the control associating with estimating charming estimations. As an investigation completed up until now, this study suggests consolidating staggered control as a staggered palatable control gadget, and two of the main regions that need further improvement are the mass sensor top of the line strategy, model and injection control.

Cite this article as: Md Rajib Sheik, Md Aminul Islam;  Injection Molding Through Maintaining and QC;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 137-154, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4776501

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Contribution of Technical and Vocational Education Training towards Industrial Development in Tanzania
Potfa Peter Luhala, Dr. Zhang Yuting
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 42-54, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773947
Abstract: TVET1 and industrial development are two inseparable things as they depend on each other to bring sustainable country development. TVET is a bridge that can transform the country from consumer and final user of goods imported to producer and exporter of goods produced. Policymakers, scholars, and educators agreed TVET is a pivotal and instrument for industrial development and key for success. However, there is the poor performance of TVET delivery in Tanzania that makes the researcher produce a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. After that, the empirical study was done to develop the contribution of TVET, according to the data obtained through the problem scoping and knowledge acquired in an extensive review of the literature. Nevertheless, the study scrutinizes lessons from China, a developing country but now is the world's workshop. A qualitative approach is used to depict the in-depth contribution of TVET towards Tanzania's industrial development. The authors describe the importance of a well-defined TVET policy for the nation's industrial growth from the findings. The analysis made in this study will yield Tanzania and other nations specifically developing to know the importance of TVET and its contribution to industrial development and in bringing sustainable development from individual level up to national level. This article will show the priority of TVET and the contribution of blue-collar jobs in development and in solving the unemployment problem. Hence, it will help the key player of TVET fulfill the responsibility and contribute to stepping ahead and reaching Tanzania development vision 2025

Cite this article as: Potfa Peter Luhala, Dr. Zhang Yuting;  Contribution of Technical and Vocational Education Training towards Industrial Development in Tanzania;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 42-54, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773947

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Exploring the Acceptability of Spatial Planning Policy Empirical Evidence from Somalia
Abdishakur W. Diriye, Osman M. Jama, Jama W. Diriye, Ren Chong
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 65-80, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765984
Abstract: Public acceptability is increasingly considered as an essential criterion for the effective implementation of sustainable land use management policies. Understanding the acceptability of such policies can help policymakers avoid potential policy setbacks and therefore implement policy measures successfully. By employing binary logistic regression analysis, we examined public acceptability of spatial planning policy based on a set of data collected from a sample of the Somali population. More specifically, we examined how the acceptability of such policy is determined by attitudinal variables (self-transcendent, self-enhancement, openness to change, traditional value orientations, and general environmental concern) and socio-demographic variables. The aim was to better inform future policy implementation to avoid potential policy aversion that previous policies might encounter in practice. In general, the regression analyses show that several attitudinal variables play a crucial role in predicting the acceptability of spatial planning policy. However, regression analyses show that except gender, socio-demographic variables are not significant predictors of spatial planning policy acceptability in the context of our study. The results suggest that when implementing sustainable land use policies such as spatial planning, policymakers should consider attitudinal variables to avoid potential policy setbacks.

Cite this article as: Abdishakur W. Diriye, Osman M. Jama, Jama W. Diriye, Ren Chong;  Exploring the Acceptability of Spatial Planning Policy Empirical Evidence from Somalia;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 65-80, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765984

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: A Comprehensive Report Plant Design for the Production of Ammonia
Nishchal Baniya
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 81-117, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768676
Abstract: Ammonia is a chemical consisting of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. It is designated in chemical notation as NH3. This report comprehensively describes ammonia, it's physical and chemical properties along with the methods that are available for its production. This report further explains about the important aspects of the manufacturing process and presents them in detail along with the relevant equations and flow diagrams. This report incorporates a detailed material and energy balance of the selected process and provides a list of the size of the equipment's in the flow diagram according to the capacity. The total capacity of the design shown in this report for the production of ammonia is 200 tonnes per day.

Cite this article as: Nishchal Baniya;  A Comprehensive Report Plant Design for the Production of Ammonia;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 81-117, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768676

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: A Study of Severe and Extreme Drought in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar
KHAING ZAR THIN, LOU YUNSHENG
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 55-64, Apr 2021,https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765864
Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the severe and extreme drought conditions in the Central part of Myanmar. The study covers (15) Stations in Lower Sagaing Region, Magway Region, Mandalay Region and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory. (30) Years Monthly rainfall data from 1990-2019 were used with spi_sl_6 Package to compute the (3) Month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-3). Study found that severe and extreme drought years or driest years in Central Myanmar dry zone stations are associated with moderate and strong El Nino years. The results of the present study are very likely to be support for developing climate risk management, local climate change adaptation activities, drought hazard mapping, and formulating local drought policy.

Cite this article as: KHAING ZAR THIN, LOU YUNSHENG;  A Study of Severe and Extreme Drought in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 55-64, Apr 2021,https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765864

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Combat Efficiency and Effectiveness of AI-driven Multisensory Search-and-Destroy Agent
Bigyan Poudel, Mahadi Sajjad Neloy, Alec Mabhiza Chirawu
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 42-54, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751072
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence-powered smart systems have started to outperform their human counterparts in many ways. However, their efficiency, effectiveness, and performance depend heavily on the data being received by the machine. As a result, a lack of sufficient data can cause an AI to make the wrong decision. While in most cases this sort of malfunction is not capable of inflicting irreversible damage, in some particular cases it can be life-threatening. AI agents tasked with human interaction such as smart devices capable of mechanical movement and physical manipulation relies on complicated sensor systems for that data to be collected, and lack of proper sensors means lack of sufficient data to make an effective decision. This paper conducts a study on a behavior tree-driven agent equipped with multiple sensor systems capable of utilizing a coordinated dataset and even compensate the loss of a primary sensor system with auxiliary sensors to carry on its mission. The goal here is not to see what the agent does, but to observe how it manages to do so while being faced with technical difficulties like sensor malfunction and whether the executed task is within the mission parameters or not.

Cite this article as: Bigyan Poudel, Mahadi Sajjad Neloy, Alec Mabhiza Chirawu;  Combat Efficiency and Effectiveness of AI-driven Multisensory Search-and-Destroy Agent;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 42-54, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751072

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Online Shopping during COVID-19 A study about the Perception of Foreign Students in China
Dasuni N Jayarathne, R. Joel Jairus
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 01-10, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4743388
Abstract: The e-commerce industry in China is emerging day by day. The online shopping is increasing among Chinese consumers as well as foreigners in China. During the COVID-19 China used their e-commerce technology to reach every corner of the country providing the facility to purchase daily essentials. This research investigated the perception of foreign students about online shopping during the COVID-19 period in China. The study indicated the factors influenced to do the online shopping and the challenges faced by the foreign students of using online shopping apps during the epidemic period in China. This study uses a mix methodological and the data collection used quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was collected with the help of survey questionnaires while the qualitative data was collected with semi-structured questions. The descriptive analysis and the regression analysis were conducted to analyze the raw data. The study tested six hypotheses of which the result showed that five hypotheses were in favor while one was against the assumption. The results indicated that there is a positive perception of foreign students towards using the online shopping apps during the COVID-19 period. It also indicated that foreign students are satisfied with online shopping during the COVID-19 period. The trustworthiness, efficiency and user friendliness became the positive factors of online shopping during the epidemic period and cost effectiveness indicated the negative impact on using online shopping apps. The study indicated the language as one of the main challenges of online shopping in China. The author suggested to have multiple language option in the apps as it will be more effective for all types of users.

Cite this article as: Dasuni N Jayarathne, R. Joel Jairus;  Online Shopping during COVID-19 A study about the Perception of Foreign Students in China;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 01-10, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4743388

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: The Impact of Map Generalization with Multiple Spatial Data Levels on GIS Analyses
Pussella PGRNI
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 11-33, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4743414
Abstract: When representing spatial data and their attributes on different types of maps, the scale which is the numerical relationship between the ground extent and the mapped extent, plays a key role. In order to create a clear and legible map at different scale levels, map generalization techniques are used. Though current commercial mapping software packages are integrated with sophisticated tools and operations to prepare maps and to manage spatial data, users violate some basic theorems and concepts in cartography. They retrieve a data set and do the analysis part without considering very important characteristics such as the scale of the source data set, the purpose of what the original map is prepared and the degree of generalization of the data sets.Further, the GIS users use and combine different scaled data sets with different degrees of generalization. In this study, it attempts to find the impacts of map generalization on GIS analyses. Current study used two types of features with different spatial data levels for a simple GIS analysis. These digital data sets were prepared by the Survey Department of Sri Lanka with the scales of 1:10000, 1:50000 and 1: 250000. 09 combinations of data sets were used for the analysis through a model prepared using the model builder tool in the GIS package. This simple overlay operation was done to find the best location for a wild life park using three basic requirements. The study clearly shows that different results can be obtained for different combinations. It can be noticed different potential zones with the variations of the number, extent, X and Y coordinates of the Centroid and their perimeters. Therefore, study thoroughly recommends to GIS users to use different data layers with same scale and same degree of generalization in the analyses.

Cite this article as: Pussella PGRNI;  The Impact of Map Generalization with Multiple Spatial Data Levels on GIS Analyses;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 11-33, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4743414

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  Volume: 4 Issue: 5
Article: Teaching Methodology and Use of Technology between China and Bangladesh A Comparative Study
Sheikh Sultan Ahmed, Kazi Nafisa Rasheed
Vol 4, Issue 5; May 2021
North American Academic Research, 4(5) 34-41, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4743833
Abstract: This paper has shown how we can treat with modern technology in education system between Bangladesh and China. Few years back students did not find any interest in studies because of the way they were taught. But after the advent of technology the scenario has changed radically. Now the students can submit their assignments through internet, they can find suitable article, documents etc. Bangladeshi educational system is often criticized by the western observers, saying it cultivates students of higher score and law abilities. The Bangladeshi educational system is similar to English. Though there are different types of programs but here we just focused on basic educational system and technology. It would be interesting to compare the educational uses of technology between China and Bangladesh.

Cite this article as: Sheikh Sultan Ahmed, Kazi Nafisa Rasheed;  Teaching Methodology and Use of Technology between China and Bangladesh A Comparative Study;  North American Academic Research, 4(5) 34-41, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4743833

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