North American Academic Research

NAAR is an international, open access journal, published weekly online by TWASP.
Online ISSN: 1945-9098
Impact Factor : 3.75 (2023) 
5-Year Impact Factor: 4.6 (2023)
Acceptance rate: 42% 
Submission to first decision: 2 days

 

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June 2023 Total article: 14


  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Long-term Trends and Demographic Risk Factors Attributed to Maternal Disorders Incidence in Five African Countries
Nodjimadji Tamlengar Martial, Neguemadji Ngardig Ngaba, Amiina Sezi Julius, Imteyaz Ahmad Khan, Chuanhua Yu
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 162-176 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8175063
Abstract: Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of maternal disorders incidence (MDI) is highly im-portant in designing policies to improve maternal health. This study investigates the long-term trends, and demo-graphic risk factors associated with MDI. Data between 1990-2019 was obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases for the Republic of Cameroon (CAM), the Central African Republic (CAR), the Republic of Congo (COG), the Dem-ocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and the Republic of Chad (TCD). Joinpoint regression was employed to deter-mine the different behaviors of the trends. The Age-Period-Cohort statistical model was applied in the determination of demographic risks associated with age, period, and cohort; and Holt’s double exponential model was utilized in the forecast of the trends. MDI declined mostly in COG by 1.7% (95% CI: 1.7; 1.8) between 1990 and 2019 based on the Joinpoint regression. In TCD, MDI rates remained steady in 2019 compared to 1990. In the five countries, MDI rates were most prevalent in women aged between 20-29. The age, period, and cohort rate ratios declined the most in CAM by nearly 5, 3, and 22 folds respectively. The age category between 15-34 years, the period before 2005, and the cohorts born before 1975 were at higher risks. Based on the forecasted trends, MDI rates were identified to be highly significant in the five countries, and TCD registered the highest rates in 2030. Declining maternal disorders incidence in low- and middle-income countries requires the adoption and employment of new health strategies and policies.

Cite this article as: Nodjimadji Tamlengar Martial, Neguemadji Ngardig Ngaba, Amiina Sezi Julius, Imteyaz Ahmad Khan, Chuanhua Yu;  Long-term Trends and Demographic Risk Factors Attributed to Maternal Disorders Incidence in Five African Countries;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 162-176 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8175063

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Volatile Enforcement of Road Traffic Regulations in Vientiane
KHAMKEO SYLILERTMANY
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 213-223 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8139680
Abstract: Traffic accident has increased in Lao PDR, especially in Vientiane in the last decade due to lack of compliance to traffic regulations. Vientiane is the capital of Lao PDR which presents the highest number of accidents annually comparing to other provinces because of weak enforcement of the regulations, weak infrastructure that hampers authority to comply the regulations severely, and boom of motorcycles that notably became the first factor of accident. This research is set to examine the compliance of road traffic regulations, because, despite the measurement taken by the government but the accident is increasing. Therefore, to what extent weak compliance of road traffic regulation in Vientiane? The study used the data base existed in Vientiane through analysis of Laws, cases and previous empirical studies. The weakness of the compliance is interconnected with several reasons, such as lack provisions of the Law, negligence of regulations and weak infrastructure.

Cite this article as: KHAMKEO SYLILERTMANY;  Volatile Enforcement of Road Traffic Regulations in Vientiane;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 213-223 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8139680

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Strategies to Increase Malian Awareness of the Belt and Road Initiative
ONGOIBA Jeannette, SANGARE Zakaria dit Zan
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 120-132 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089879
Abstract: Building "the Belt and Road" has helped the countries along it develop economically and in terms of trade and investment. It has also strengthened relations between China and the countries along it in terms of politics, econ-omy, culture, and other areas. As a result, countries along the route have generally supported the "Belt and Road Initiative" since it was launched. Mali, a significant West African nation, and the Chinese government signed a mem-orandum of understanding on "the Belt and Road" cooperation in 2019, bolstering bilateral ties in a variety of sectors, including infrastructure development, agriculture, energy, education, and healthcare. Following the start of the "Belt and Road" project in Mali, the awareness of this project among Malian citizens has significantly impacted China and Mali's cooperation. Based on this, the paper discusses the current state of Malian citizens' awareness of the "Belt and Road" construction in an effort to thoroughly understand their perceptions of and attitudes toward the project from the standpoint of global communication. The paper makes recommendations for improving Malian Awareness concerning "the Belt and Road" initiative construction's to promote global communi-cation.

Cite this article as: ONGOIBA Jeannette, SANGARE Zakaria dit Zan;  Strategies to Increase Malian Awareness of the Belt and Road Initiative;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 120-132 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089879

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Evaluating the Influence of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on Pakistan's Construction Industry: Opportunities and Challenges
Mannan Saif, Tayyaba Saleem & Muhammad Ikhlaq
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 21-32 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8124527
Abstract: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aimed at connecting western China to the port of Gwadar in southwest Pakistan through an extensive network of infrastructure, trade, and investment linkages. The construction of CPEC in Pakistan has significant implications for the country's construction industry, which plays a vital role in economic growth, employment, and development. This research paper employs a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, surveys of 100 construction firms in Pakistan, and in-depth interviews with government officials, industry experts, and environmental NGOs, to examine the impact of CPEC construction on Pakistan's construction industry. The main objective of the research is to identify potential opportunities and obstacles for transnational operation management of firms within the BRI environment. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for businesses and decision-makers aiming to maximize the benefits of CPEC development while mitigating potential negative repercussions.

Cite this article as: Mannan Saif, Tayyaba Saleem & Muhammad Ikhlaq;  Evaluating the Influence of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on Pakistan's Construction Industry: Opportunities and Challenges;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 21-32 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8124527

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Seismic Performance of Steel-Confined High-Performance Concrete Shear Wall
Uson Murzataev, Qian Hui
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 177-212 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8112349
Abstract: Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, often lead to the destruction or even collapse of buildings. The selection of a suitable earthquake-resistant structure is crucial and may include steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, high-performance concrete structures and other composite structures with high strength and toughness, etc. Using the advantages of steel construction and high-performance concrete wall panel construction to form a combined system of earthquake-resistant steel frame structures and finished concrete wall panels can effectively improve the seismic characteristics of the structure. This article proposes a study of a steel frame structure bounded by concrete wall panels, and its seismic characteristics as well as a creation of an improved models of finite element analysis of eight structures under horizontal low cyclic reciprocating loads.

Cite this article as: Uson Murzataev, Qian Hui;  Seismic Performance of Steel-Confined High-Performance Concrete Shear Wall;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 177-212 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8112349

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Biological Deterioration and Conservation of Archaeological Wood: A Review
Salim Abubakar, Xinyou Liu, Xianqing Xiong
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 133-147 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8106396
Abstract: The strength and longevity of wooden materials can be significantly reduced by natural processes such as biological degradation. Various biological agents such as fungi, bacteria, and insects trigger this process by attacking and destroying wood, causing decay, discoloration, and warping. Given the economic importance of wood and its susceptibility to biological degradation, wood preservation techniques need to be addressed by better understanding these biological forces. Beetles and termites are typical wooden insects that can seriously damage wooden structures. Mold formation can cause visual and health problems, and moisture ingress can also cause wood rot. Research to minimize wood biological degradation focuses on understanding the mechanisms of microbial degradation and de-veloping preservation techniques that can halt or slow the decay process. It is important to take a coordinated and planned approach to wood conservation in general, even though there is little information specifically available on the best ways to preserve wood that has been biologically harmed by insects. it is important to consider alternative protection methods based on natural products with little or no toxicity, as well as coordinated and planned efforts for wood conservation in general. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of wood biological degradation, including the many biological agents involved, their degradation mechanisms, and methods used to slow or stop the degradation of wood products. The assessment also highlights the economic value of timber and the need for conservation techniques to maintain its longevity and structural integrity.

Cite this article as: Salim Abubakar, Xinyou Liu, Xianqing Xiong;  Biological Deterioration and Conservation of Archaeological Wood: A Review;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 133-147 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8106396

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Exploring Anxiety Levels in English Speaking Skills Acquisition among 6th Class Students as Second Language Learners: A Case Study of Shah Latif High School, Pakistan
Sadaf, Dr. Nurhayati, M.Hum.
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 168-161 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8110736
Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the underlying causes of anxiety experienced by sixth-grade students while acquiring English as a second language at the elementary level. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was employed, utilizing the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) instrument developed by Horwitz (1986), along with a case study approach. The study encompassed a population of 30 female and 20 male students, as well as two teachers from Shah Latif School. The findings of the study revealed a significant level of anxiety among students when it came to speaking English. Out of the total 42 students, all exhibited a high level of anxiety. The factors contributing to this anxiety can be categorized into three main aspects: fear of failure, test anxiety, communication apprehension, and fear of negative evaluation. These factors have a profound impact on students' confidence, performance, and participation. To promote a balanced learning environment, it is imperative for the administration, staff, and teachers to collaborate and implement a variety of techniques, strategies, and skills that alleviate anxiety among students. By doing so, the goal is to create a supportive atmosphere that enables all students to feel at ease.

Cite this article as: Sadaf, Dr. Nurhayati, M.Hum.;  Exploring Anxiety Levels in English Speaking Skills Acquisition among 6th Class Students as Second Language Learners: A Case Study of Shah Latif High School, Pakistan;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 168-161 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8110736

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Research on the International Competitiveness of Thailand's Tourism Service Trade—Based on Comparative with Malaysia and Singapore in the Chinese Market Trade Services
KETNAPA PROMSONG
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 92-103 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8079495
Abstract: This article is based on the theory of absolute advantage, comparative advantage, and competitive advantage theory of the industry's international competitiveness theory, this article uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative, empirical analysis and comparative analysis to analyze the tourism services of Singapore and Malaysia from the di-mension of inbound tourism. The status quo of trade development, and a comparative analysis of the current state of tourism services in Singapore and Singapore from the number of tourists and income in Singapore and Thailand.

Cite this article as: KETNAPA PROMSONG;  Research on the International Competitiveness of Thailand's Tourism Service Trade—Based on Comparative with Malaysia and Singapore in the Chinese Market Trade Services;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 92-103 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8079495

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Foreign Direct Investment and Energy Degradation on Carbon Emissions in the BRICS Countries: An Empirical Analysis
Muhammad Hussnain, Guangqian Ren, Muhammad Burhan Ashraf, Yang Hua
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 104-119 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089529
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), energy usage, and carbon emissions in the BRICS countries. The research has hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between FDI and carbon emissions, as well as between energy usage and carbon emissions. Additionally, the research has also hypothesized that FDI moderates the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth, while energy usage moderates the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth. The data has been collected using online databases readily available within the required period of time. The dependent variable in this research was carbon emission while the independent variables were FDI and energy usage. Nevertheless, some other variables, such as GDP and population, were also factored in the analysis to increase the effectiveness of the study. The research has employed quantitative data analysis method to analyze the research hypothesis. Using correlation and multiple regression analysis, it was found that both FDI and energy usage have a positive relationship with carbon emissions. However, there was not enough evidence to suggest that FDI and energy usage significantly moderate the relation-ship between carbon emissions and economic growth in the BRICS countries. These findings have important impli-cations for policymakers as we as future researchers in the BRICS countries who seek to balance economic growth with sustainable development.

Cite this article as: Muhammad Hussnain, Guangqian Ren, Muhammad Burhan Ashraf, Yang Hua;  Exploring the Moderating Effects of Foreign Direct Investment and Energy Degradation on Carbon Emissions in the BRICS Countries: An Empirical Analysis;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 104-119 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089529

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: Enhancing Cyber Threat Detection and Response with Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis of ML Techniques for Real-Time Monitoring and Incident Response
Kinjol Saha, Sudipto Roy Pritom
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 63-91 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060932
Abstract: Organizations struggle to recognise and respond to cyber attacks effectively because of their sophistication and frequency, which are both rising. The dynamic nature of contemporary cyber threats is proving difficult to combat with traditional security measures and rule-based systems. The use of machine learning (ML) approaches to improve cyber threat detection and response capabilities is explored in this research article. In the context of cyber security, it gives a comparative examination of various ML algorithms and models used for real-time monitoring and incident response. For the purpose of detecting cyber threats, the study examines the efficacy of supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning techniques. Additionally, it looks at how to leverage ML-based incident response systems, including automated response actions, threat intelligence integration, and event detection and classification.

Cite this article as: Kinjol Saha, Sudipto Roy Pritom;  Enhancing Cyber Threat Detection and Response with Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis of ML Techniques for Real-Time Monitoring and Incident Response;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 63-91 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060932

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: First-principles Study in the Electronic Structure of Carbon-doped Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Altaf Mujear, Li Hui, Yang Zhi, Wang Zhu
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 46-56 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049383
Abstract: Identifying the defects reveals vital information about the electrical and physical properties of the materials. It might be difficult to define defects in h-BN due to its intricate microstructure. Therefore, the peculiarities of the h-BN defects must be addressed. Impurities are anticipated to be a major factor in defect chemistry because of the high formation energies of native point defects. In this paper, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of carbon impurity defects in h-BN by first-principles calculations based on the generalized gradient approximation method in the density functional theory (DFT).

Cite this article as: Altaf Mujear, Li Hui, Yang Zhi, Wang Zhu;  First-principles Study in the Electronic Structure of Carbon-doped Hexagonal Boron Nitride;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 46-56 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049383

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: A Study of the Aesthetics of Translation Using Functional Equivalence Theory
Nasiba Atabaeva
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 57-62 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8051117
Abstract: Functional equivalence theory is a dynamic equivalence theory that emphasizes the expression and mean-ing of the source language, with meaning being more important than form. Long-term aesthetic requirements for translation can be divided into three types of progressive beauty: beauty in form and sound, beauty in structure, and beauty in meaning. The meaning comes first, followed by the sound and form. The focus of this article is the com-parison of theory and aesthetics, or the exploration of aesthetics based on theory, to investigate the unique application of its theory to the aesthetics of translation, compare its differences from general translation, where beauty lies, and how to resonate with both source and target language readers.

Cite this article as: Nasiba Atabaeva;  A Study of the Aesthetics of Translation Using Functional Equivalence Theory;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 57-62 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8051117

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: The Update in the Treatments of Surgical Wound Healing: An Overview
Muhammad Usman Amin, Wu Xiangwei, ZHANG Hongwei
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 32-45 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049224
Abstract: Surgical wound healing is an intricate and complex biological process influenced by various factors. The advent of novel technologies and therapeutic approaches has revolutionized the management of surgical wounds, leading to improved outcomes and reduced morbidity. This review paper aims to study the recent advancements in the treatment of surgical wound healing. The fundamental stages of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflam-mation, proliferation, and remodeling, highlighting the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Traditional methods that were used for wound care are sutures, staples, and adhesive agents. Subsequently, the review delves into the emerging techniques and therapies that have shown promising results in promoting surgical wound healing. These include the use of advanced dressings, such as hydrogels, foams, and films, which provide an optimal wound environment for tissue regeneration. Additionally, the application of growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and stem cell therapies have demonstrated their potential in accelerating wound closure and enhancing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, role of bioengineered skin substitutes, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, low level laser therapy and negative pressure wound therapy in the man-agement of complex wounds. These innovative approaches have paved the way for personalized wound care and wound repair and regeneration. The paper also addresses the importance of infection control in surgical wound healing and highlights the advancements in antimicrobial strategies, including the use of antibacterial agents, nano-particles, and photodynamic therapy. This comprehensive study provides a valuable update on the evolving land-scape of treatments for surgical wound healing. By highlighting the recent advancements and novel therapeutic ap-proaches, it aims to guide healthcare professionals in making informed decisions regarding the management of sur-gical wounds, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Cite this article as: Muhammad Usman Amin, Wu Xiangwei, ZHANG Hongwei;  The Update in the Treatments of Surgical Wound Healing: An Overview;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 32-45 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049224

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  Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Article: A Comprehensive Review of Blade Battery Technology for the Vehicle Industry
Rifath Bin Hossain, Shekh Mohammad Nazmul Sakib, MD Fazle Rabbi, Sahidul Islam, Promananda Roy, Sakib Hasan
Vol 6, Issue 6; June 2023
North American Academic Research, 6(6) 1-20 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049205
Abstract: The rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) industry has necessitated advancements in battery technology to enhance vehicle performance, safety, and overall driving experience. The blade battery, developed by BYD, has emerged as a promising innovation in the field. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of blade battery technology, covering its design, structure, working principles, advantages, challenges, and potential implica-tions for the vehicle industry. The paper synthesizes existing research, technical reports, and industry developments to present a balanced assessment of the blade battery's potential to revolutionize the EV market.

Cite this article as: Rifath Bin Hossain, Shekh Mohammad Nazmul Sakib, MD Fazle Rabbi, Sahidul Islam, Promananda Roy, Sakib Hasan;  A Comprehensive Review of Blade Battery Technology for the Vehicle Industry;  North American Academic Research, 6(6) 1-20 June 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8049205

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