North American Academic Research

NAAR is an international, open access journal, published weekly online by TWASP.
Online ISSN: 1945-9098
Impact Factor : 3.75 (2023) 
5-Year Impact Factor: 4.6 (2023)
Acceptance rate: 42% 
Submission to first decision: 2 days

 

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August 2022 Total article: 13


  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Thermal performance analysis of thermal energy storage tank using solid rocks with HITEC salt
Md. Ali Azam, H. B. Muhammad Zukaul Islam, Md. Mostofa Hossain, Mohammad Arif Hasan Mamun
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 107-118 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7263948
Abstract: A thermocline thermal energy storage (TES) tank is the key element in storing thermal energy for concen-trated solar power (CSP) plants. This paper focuses on the thermal analysis of the single-stage thermal energy storage (TES) tank by using molten Hitec salt, which is a eutectic mixture of 7 wt% NaNO3, 40 wt% NaNO2 and 53 wt% KNO3. This molten salt is used as heat transfer media and solid quartzite rock is used as filler materials. The Disper-sion-Concentric model, based on energy equations and solved by the finite element method, is used to study the heat transfer module for the computational domain. The research presents the 3D temperature domain for heat transfer fluid (HTF) and filler materials inside the TES tank. The temperature profile of HTF and solid materials are also plotted as a tank height and time function. As the value of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of HTF is higher than that of the solid filler materials, we found that the temperature of HTF is greater than that of the solid rock at the same time at a specific tank height.

Cite this article as: Md. Ali Azam, H. B. Muhammad Zukaul Islam, Md. Mostofa Hossain, Mohammad Arif Hasan Mamun;  Thermal performance analysis of thermal energy storage tank using solid rocks with HITEC salt;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 107-118 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7263948

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Hydrochemical Evaluation of the spring water suitability for drinking purpose at Sheringal, Khy-ber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Obaidullah, Arifullah, Masood Shah , Navid Anjum, Wakeel Hussain, Ja-vid Hussain, Nafees Ali, Waseem Akram
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 134-153 May 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7216442
Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore lake and land breezes over the Lake Victoria basin based on 2 years (2019 to 2020). Hourly and daily data of wind speed and direction, precipitation, 2-meter air temperature over land, and Lake mix-layer depth obtained from Era 5 re-analysis were utilized. The method employed was based on the characteristics of the lake breeze with the elimination of the days with strong synoptic winds. According to the results, the main drivers for the breeze development at the meteorological stations were the thermal gradient be-tween the lake and the surroundings and the low-level winds. The breezes mainly occur between 9:00 h and 15:00 h characterized by divergence over the lake and reduction in temperature and they move over land. The study calls for a look at the factors that may contribute to the formation of the breezes.

Cite this article as: Obaidullah, Arifullah, Masood Shah , Navid Anjum, Wakeel Hussain, Ja-vid Hussain, Nafees Ali, Waseem Akram;  Hydrochemical Evaluation of the spring water suitability for drinking purpose at Sheringal, Khy-ber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 134-153 May 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7216442

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: A spatial-temporal model to predict the amount of energy generated by solar vehicles
C.A. Karandana, Lin Li
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 119-133 august 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148107
Abstract: Solar-powered vehicles will be extensively used for transportation in near future with the development of the solar energy harvesting technology. However, there are certain aspects that need to be addressed to make solar-powered vehicles a reality, such as ‘energy generation forecasting’. It is essential to forecast the amount of energy that can be generated during each journey in order to ensure the uninterrupted running of a solar-powered vehicle. Unfortunately, the existing energy generation forecasting methods have been developed for stationary solar panels, therefore, they cannot be used to forecast the amount of energy generated by a solar-powered vehicle. The Energy generation of a solar cell depends on ‘spatial-temporal variables’ that change rapidly. This study introduces a work-around to forecast the energy generated by solar-powered vehicles while they are on the move, and a computerized user interface to output the related information. All the factors for solar energy production were identified and real-time data was captured using the ‘application programming interface (API)’ services. It is a method that can be ap-plied globally using route, terrain and weather data, while its accuracy has been tested on different routes, days, times, speeds, and precisions within a selected area in Sri Lanka using local route, terrain and weather data. The global application of the method achieves significant accuracy in a shorter computation time, while the local appli-cation achieves a similar accuracy in a comparatively longer computation time.

Cite this article as: C.A. Karandana, Lin Li;  A spatial-temporal model to predict the amount of energy generated by solar vehicles;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 119-133 august 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148107

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: A descriptive study on stroke in provincial hospital Janakpur, Nepal
Manish Pandey, Shwena Thakur , Gautam Kumar Sah , Ajay Kumar Pajiyar , Mahesh Mahaseth , Sanjeet Kumar Jha
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 300-307, August 2022, 7. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7111388
Abstract: Sub-Asian countries lack basic stroke data, and Nepal has none. To describe Janakpur provincial hospital stroke admissions epidemiologic description, patients with confirmed stroke from 1 July to 30 November 2019 had risk factor assessments. 127 stroke patients got a non-contrast head CT scan; 12 died before the scan. 85 patients suffered stroke, 42 had non-stroke lesions. 77.6% of stroke victims had ischemic stroke, while 22.4% had hemorrhagic. All stroke patients were 62.2 and 51.8% were men. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke increased with age. Atherosclerotic stroke was the most prevalent ischemic stroke etiology, seen in 43.5% of patients, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage was the most common hemorrhagic stroke etiology, seen in 78.9% of patients. More than 50% of stroke patients reported a history of hypertension, and more than half had blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg. 36% and 30% of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients had inactivity and hypercholesterolemia. Hypertension was the greatest risk factor for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. This study highlights the importance of CT scan in stroke diagnosis in Nepalese population.

Cite this article as: Manish Pandey, Shwena Thakur , Gautam Kumar Sah , Ajay Kumar Pajiyar , Mahesh Mahaseth , Sanjeet Kumar Jha;  A descriptive study on stroke in provincial hospital Janakpur, Nepal;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 300-307, August 2022, 7. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7111388

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: A study on adverse effects induced by chemotherapy drugs used for colorectal cancer and their management in Nepal cancer hospital and research center
Bijen Man Shrestha, Ayushi Awale, Bilash Poudel, Ayushma Shahi, Durga Bista, Rajani Shakya, Sushmita Sharma
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 91-106 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7087003
Abstract: Aim: To study the prevalence of adverse effects when chemotherapy is administered in colorectal cancer and the management of reported ADR. Methodology: This was a retrospective observational study con-ducted in Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Centre visited from January 2020 to December 2021 for treatment of colorectal cancer. The patient who met the study criteria were enrolled in the study and the data were collected from their case records. Management given to the patient was recorded. Results: A total of 90 patients received chemotherapy, out of which 81 (90%) reported ADR. 5FU/LV, FOLFOX, CAPOX, and Oral capecitabine were administered as adjuvant therapy and FOLFORI as palliative. There were 381 ADRs reported in 81 patients. Infection (55.6%) and Diarrhea (51.9%) were the most prevalent ADRs. The older population showed more ADR compared to the younger (P=0.05) and oral capecitabine reported less ADR compared to another chemo regimen. Diarrhea and Sepsis accounted for most of the severe ADR requiring prolonged hospitalization. Most of the ADRs were managed Symptomatically and only in severe or hypersensitivity cases the chemotherapy regimen was changed or stopped. Conclusion: The results of the study reveal the hat most prevalent ADR is an infection (myelosuppression) and diarrhea. Severe Diarrhea and Sepsis were the most common cause of prolonged hos-pital stay. Most of the ADRs were resolved symptomatically in clinical care.

Cite this article as: Bijen Man Shrestha, Ayushi Awale, Bilash Poudel, Ayushma Shahi, Durga Bista, Rajani Shakya, Sushmita Sharma;  A study on adverse effects induced by chemotherapy drugs used for colorectal cancer and their management in Nepal cancer hospital and research center;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 91-106 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7087003

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Numerical investigation of performance evaluation of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) using CFD approach
Sohaib Arshad Mayo1, Qiao Hu
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 68-90 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7068998
Abstract: Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is mainly used for many tasks and applications, such as exploration of the sea. The designing and optimization of ROV systems have great potential to enhance performance and working mechanisms. In this research work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses of five different ROV underwater vehicles were performed for the model modification. In addition, CFD analysis of the best suitable thruster model was also conducted in order to examine the flow behavior around the thruster body. Moreover, the performance of ROV systems and thruster were also conducted in order to select an optimized ROV model. For this purpose, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses of five different ROV models and one modified thruster model were performed using ANSYS FLUENT.

Cite this article as: Sohaib Arshad Mayo1, Qiao Hu;  Numerical investigation of performance evaluation of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) using CFD approach;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 68-90 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7068998

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Effects of green vegetation’s and organic waste on the productivity vis-à-vis nutrient status of vermicompost
Kanij Fatema Tuz Zohora, Ashim Kumar Saha, Naim Mustafa Ali, Nasrin Chowdhury, Apu Biswas, Shuva Das
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 48-63 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7065667
Abstract: Excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers and no use or less use of organic matter in to soil leads to the decline in productivity and soil health. Vermicompost, produced from industrial byproducts and local bio waste materials, could be an ideal supplement for chemical fertilizers in the tea industry of Bangladesh. The research was carried out at Luskerpore Tea Estate, Habiganj to assess their potential and effects on the qualitative characteristics of vermicompost. Different raw materials along with the cow-dung andEisenia foetida were applied in seven dissimilar treatments with three replications. The productivity, as well as physicochemical properties pH, organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S) of the finished product were evaluated. The nutrient properties were found high with the treatment T4 as well as the highest productivity 71.80% was found with treatment T4 wherecow-dung, kitchen residues and Eisenia foetida were applied.

Cite this article as: Kanij Fatema Tuz Zohora, Ashim Kumar Saha, Naim Mustafa Ali, Nasrin Chowdhury, Apu Biswas, Shuva Das;  Effects of green vegetation’s and organic waste on the productivity vis-à-vis nutrient status of vermicompost;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 48-63 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7065667

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Impact of leasehold forestry on livelihood improvement of local poor and restoration of degraded forests in Makwanpur district, Bagmati province, Nepal
Keshav Raj Acharya, Raksha Adhikari
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 16-22 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7032812
Abstract: Nepal has adopted different community based forest management models for sustainable management of forest resources and fulfilling the forest products need of the local people that ultimately contribute to poverty re-duction goal of the country. Leasehold forestry is among them that focus on people below the poverty line to sup-port them for livelihood improvement through diversified income generating activities on leased degraded forest land. Apart from the livelihood improvement, leasehold has also the aim of restoration of degraded forest land through plantation of multipurpose tree species. Present study was carried out in two leasehold forest user groups in Bagmati Rural Municipality of Makwanpur district, Bangmati Province Nepal focusing on the research ques-tions; whether leasehold forests being success to bring a significant change on local people’s livelihood and restora-tion of the degraded forest areas? Relevant information was collected through household survey (n= 18), key in-formant interviews (n=5) and direct field observation in both leasehold forest user group during September-October, 20220. The result revealed that leasehold forest has contributed positively for the restoration of degraded forest land through plantation of broom grass, fruit trees and other multipurpose tree crops. Similarly, livelihood capitals have been generated in both of the leasehold forest and found effective for livelihood improvement of local poor.

Cite this article as: Keshav Raj Acharya, Raksha Adhikari;  Impact of leasehold forestry on livelihood improvement of local poor and restoration of degraded forests in Makwanpur district, Bagmati province, Nepal;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 16-22 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7032812

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Remote control system for unipolar stepper motor
Petru Livinti
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 40-47 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7048879
Abstract: In this work, a remote control system for the unipolar stepper motor was presented. The remote control of the unipolar stepper motor was realized by radio waves on the frequency of 2.4 GHz. For the remote transmission of commands, two circuits were used: a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit. The two circuits include a developing board each, of type Arduino Uno and a shield NRF24L01. For generating the reference signal a potentiometer in the transmitter circuit has been used and for supplying the stepping motor a driver of type ULN 2003A has been used in the receiver circuit. The author’s contributions are: - elaboration of two programs in the Arduino IDE programming environment for the two circuits – transmitter and receiver- elaboration of the electrical diagrams of the two circuits with the help of the Fritzing program. The experimental results have proved the exact functioning of the remote control system of the unipolar stepper motor.

Cite this article as: Petru Livinti;  Remote control system for unipolar stepper motor;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 40-47 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7048879

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Psychotropic medication adherence among psychiatric patients in Nepal
Aliza Sigdel, Bilash Poudel, Ayushma Shahi, Bijen Man Shrestha, Durga Bista, Manij Joshi, Jyoti Gurung
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 23-39 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044994
Abstract: Introduction: Non-adherence is a common problem that directly affects the outcome. Therefore, to achieve the desired treatment outcomes, it is necessary to consider the factors affecting non-adherence to medication. Furthermore, there seems to be a dearth of information regarding non-adherence to psychotropic drug therapy. Thus, this study was designed to assess non-adherence to psychotropic drug therapy. Data and Methods: For three months, 384 patients visited the outpatient department (O.P.D.) of the mental hospital in Lagankhel, Nepal. Two sets of questionnaires were used, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (S.P.S.S) was used for data analysis. Results: 31.5% of the 384 patients adhered strongly to their drug therapy, and the non-adherence rate was 68.4%. Patients without a family history of mental illness and those with family involvement had higher adherence rates. Low adherence was seen in people who had a low income, a perception of good and bad health, were diagnosed with depression along with another disorder, or had a history of attempted suicide. Conclusion: Nonadherence to psychotropic medications was found to be widespread. Additionally, it was associated with multiple factors. Therefore, comprehensive strategies should be developed to address the factors associated with non-adherence to psychotropic medication.

Cite this article as: Aliza Sigdel, Bilash Poudel, Ayushma Shahi, Bijen Man Shrestha, Durga Bista, Manij Joshi, Jyoti Gurung;  Psychotropic medication adherence among psychiatric patients in Nepal;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 23-39 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044994

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: US and Them - Ethnic tensions and nationalism in Latvia
LIVINS Rolands
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 01-15 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7013802
Abstract: Nationalism in Latvia has played a very important role in the history of the country and continues to be a driving force in domestic and foreign politics today. Modern day politics and decisions are often justified with unre-lated historical context and certain interpretations of historical events. The Soviet period in Latvia resulted in a high ratio of ethnic Russians, as much as 40% of the entire population by some estimates, and has over time produced a highly split society along these ethnic lines. These ethnic lines are often also politically dividing. With increasing radicalization and potential conflicts in the post-Soviet era due to ethnic tensions, it is highly likely to see societal and political tensions grow over time. As it stands, the trends in society, politics and academia are not conducive to any attempts to consolidate the society by compromise or understanding, nor does there appear to be any will to do so. This presages an uncertain future for Latvia and the region as a whole.

Cite this article as: LIVINS Rolands;  US and Them - Ethnic tensions and nationalism in Latvia;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 01-15 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7013802

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Study of outcome of pediatric shaft of femur fracture treated with Titanium elastic nailing system
Amit Ranjan Mishra, Praveen Timalsina, Prakash Chand Yadav
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 160-167, August 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7008832
Abstract: Femoral shaft fractures account for 1.6% of all infant skeletal injuries and are incapacitating. The treatment of these fractures is mostly determined by the patient's age, fracture pattern, related traumas, physique, and family's financial situation. We assessed the use of the elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) and its consequences in the surgical therapy of femoral shaft fractures in children. From June 2018 to June 2019, fifty-two youngsters were treated with titanium elastic nails (TEN) at our Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Janakpur, Nepal. At the conclusion of the investigation, 48 children were present. According to Winquest and Hansen's classification, fractures were classified as Grade I (n=32), Grade II (n=10), and Grade III (n=6); compound fractures were classified as Grade I (n=5) and Grade II (n=3). 36 midshaft fractures, 7 proximal third shaft fractures, and 5 distal third shaft fractures were observed. The final results were analyzed clinically using Flynn's criteria and radiologically using the criteria of Anthony et al. The average length of follow-up was 20 months (range 12 – 40 months). Radiologically, all fractures healed with grade III callus production between 9 and 12 weeks (mean 9.7 weeks). Using Flynn's criteria, the findings were determined to be excellent for 40 children (83%) and satisfactory for 8 children (17%). Nail end-caused soreness in the soft tissues close to the knee was the most common condition in our study (25%). Other problems include limb amputation (n=5), Varus malunion (n=4), infection at the nail protrusion site (n=4), and nail migration (n=2). No delayed union, non-union, or refractures occurred. In appropriately selected youngsters, TEN is a minimally invasive, safe, and relatively simple treatment for fracture shaft of femur.

Cite this article as: Amit Ranjan Mishra, Praveen Timalsina, Prakash Chand Yadav;  Study of outcome of pediatric shaft of femur fracture treated with Titanium elastic nailing system;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 160-167, August 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7008832

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  Volume: 5 Issue: 8
Article: Outcome of distal radius fracture treated with external fixation
Amit Ranjan Mishra, Sharad Yadav, Prakash Chand Yadav
Vol 5, Issue 8; August 2022
North American Academic Research, 5(8) 150-158, August 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7008321
Abstract: Nearly one-sixth of all fractures in a casualty environment are distal radius fractures. Restoring the function of the wrist joint, of which the distal radius is a crucial component, is typically the goal of treatment for distal radius frac-tures. There does not appear to be agreement on the best course of action for treating distal radius fractures, particu-larly when they are accompanied by instability of the distal radioulnar joint. In patients who initially have displaced distal radius fractures, to define the functional prognosis. 75 working-age (18 to 55 years) patients who presented with unilateral displaced distal radius fractures (apart from volar displacement) and were subsequently treated with fixation participated in observational research. At six months and a year after the surgery, the results of the patients were evaluated using the Green and O'Brien Scoring System as modified by Cooney et al. Additionally, radiographs were collected after surgery and throughout follow-up. The data were examined in terms of the percentage of patients who had satisfactory clinical and radiological results (using IBM SPSS software version 22 and Microsoft Excel). In 78.1% of the study group, acceptable functional outcomes (good and outstanding scores in the Green and O'Brien Scoring System) were seen. Although the younger age group had higher functional outcome scores, a statistically sig-nificant difference could not be found. Infection of the pin tracts complicated 9.4% of the cases, and 96.9% of the pa-tients had acceptable radiological reductions. The difference between the outcome ratings at six months and one year following surgery showed a statistically significant improvement (p-value 0.0001). For treating displaced distal radi-us fractures, external fixation is a quick and efficient way to get good to excellent clinical results. Younger age groups and male patients had superior functional outcome scores, but there was no statistically significant difference be-tween them.

Cite this article as: Amit Ranjan Mishra, Sharad Yadav, Prakash Chand Yadav;  Outcome of distal radius fracture treated with external fixation;  North American Academic Research, 5(8) 150-158, August 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7008321

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